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Toxics
Special Issues
Exposure, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Pesticides
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Exposure, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Pesticides

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Agrochemicals and Food Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 8957

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Peng Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Interests: pesticide; toxicological effects; ecological risk; health risk; environmental behavior
Prof. Dr. Meirong Zhao

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
Interests: molecular toxicology; pesticide; chemical exposure; health risk assessment; biological monitoring

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pesticides play a vital role in improving the yield and quality of agricultural products but are inevitably released into the environment due to their widespread use. Pesticide exposure is also potentially associated with risks to the ecosystem and human health. It is of great significance to explore the occurrence, bioaccumulation, transport, and dissipation of pesticides in the environment and organisms, and the toxicological effects and health risks as well. These explorations are necessary for providing a comprehensive insight into the adverse effects of pesticides and promoting the rational use of pesticides.

In this Special Issue on “Exposure, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Pesticides”, we aim to focus on the occurrence, environmental behavior, toxic effects and toxicological mechanism, enantiomeric stereoselectivity, and risks to ecological system and human health of pesticide exposures. Authors are welcome to submit original research articles and reviews in the relative fields.

Prof. Dr. Peng Wang
Prof. Dr. Meirong Zhao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pesticide
  • bioaccumulation
  • exposure
  • toxicity
  • residue
  • risk assessment
  • metabolism

Published Papers (5 papers)

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14 pages, 4578 KiB  
Article
Dissipation, Bioconcentration and Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolites in Agaricus bisporus and Substrates under Different Application Methods
by Shanshan Chen, Qicai Zhang, Qinxiong Rao, Xianli Wang, Penghui Du and Weiguo Song
Toxics 2023, 11(6), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11060500 - 01 Jun 2023
Viewed by 992
Abstract
In order to acquire scientific evidence for the application of thiamethoxam (TMX) in Agaricus bisporus cultivation, residue and dissipation experiments for field trials were performed with the application of TMX in compost and casing soil, respectively. An effective QuEChERS method was established to [...] Read more.
In order to acquire scientific evidence for the application of thiamethoxam (TMX) in Agaricus bisporus cultivation, residue and dissipation experiments for field trials were performed with the application of TMX in compost and casing soil, respectively. An effective QuEChERS method was established to analyze TMX and its two metabolites, clothianidin (CLO) and thiamethoxam-urea (TMX-urea), in compost, casing soil, and fruiting bodies. The results indicated that the TMX dissipation half-lives (t1/2) at dosages of 10 and 50 mg kg−1 were 19.74 d (day) and 28.87 d in compost and 33.54 d and 42.59 d in casing soil, individually. TMX, CLO, and TMX-urea were observed after TMX application in compost and casing soil. For TMX applied to the casing soil, only TMX residues were detected in fruiting bodies with bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of 0.0003~0.0009. In addition, both the chronic risk quotient (RQ) and acute risk quotient (HQ) values of TMX in fruiting bodies were far less than 1, which means the dietary health risks to humans were acceptable. However, in the TMX application to the compost, these analytes were not detected in the fruiting bodies. This suggested that the application of TMX in compost was safer than in casing soil during A. bisporus cultivation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exposure, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Pesticides)
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10 pages, 587 KiB  
Article
Low Dose of Carbendazim and Tebuconazole: Accumulation in Tissues and Effects on Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Mice
by Xiaoran Ma, Xin Chen, Haonan Hou, Donghui Liu, Xueke Liu, Peng Wang and Zhiqiang Zhou
Toxics 2023, 11(4), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040326 - 30 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1549
Abstract
As two commonly used fungicides, carbendazim and tebuconazole are widely found in the environment and in foods. Studies have reported that these fungicides can induce hepatic oxidative stress and other health risks. Nevertheless, the influences of exposure to carbendazim and tebuconazole at their [...] Read more.
As two commonly used fungicides, carbendazim and tebuconazole are widely found in the environment and in foods. Studies have reported that these fungicides can induce hepatic oxidative stress and other health risks. Nevertheless, the influences of exposure to carbendazim and tebuconazole at their acceptable daily intake (ADI) doses on hepatic oxidative stress, and the residual distributions in mice remain unclear. To fill these gaps, ICR (CD-1) mice were exposed to carbendazim and tebuconazole at their ADI doses by oral administration for 4 weeks in this study. The results showed that tebuconazole accumulated primarily in the epididymal fat of mice (16.84 μg/kg), whereas no significant residues of carbendazim in the tissues were observed. In addition, exposure to ADI doses of tebuconazole significantly reduced liver coefficients and induced hepatic oxidative stress in mice, including elevating the levels of glutathione and malonaldehyde. However, no significant impacts were observed on the hepatic redox homeostasis in mice after exposure to carbendazim at its ADI dose. The results could be helpful for understanding the exposure risks of carbendazim and tebuconazole in terms of low doses and long term. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exposure, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Pesticides)
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14 pages, 1266 KiB  
Article
Clinical Assessment of Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning in Pediatric Patients Admitted to the Toxicology Emergency Department
by Ioana-Cezara Caba, Violeta Ștreangă, Mona-Elisabeta Dobrin, Cristina Jităreanu, Alexandra Jităreanu, Bianca-Ștefania Profire, Maria Apotrosoaei, Alin-Viorel Focșa, Bogdan Caba and Luminița Agoroaei
Toxics 2022, 10(10), 582; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100582 - 02 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1952
Abstract
Pesticide poisoning in pediatric patients is still an important reason for presenting to the emergency department in Romania. In this context, the present study aims to raise awareness of the toxicological impact of pesticides on human health in pediatrics. For this purpose, the [...] Read more.
Pesticide poisoning in pediatric patients is still an important reason for presenting to the emergency department in Romania. In this context, the present study aims to raise awareness of the toxicological impact of pesticides on human health in pediatrics. For this purpose, the demographic characteristics, clinical assessment, and outcome of pediatric patients with acute pesticide poisoning admitted to the toxicology department of “Saint Mary” Emergency Children’s Hospital from Iasi, were analyzed. This retrospective study focused on the clinical and laboratory data of patients aged under 18 years diagnosed with acute pesticide poisoning between 2010–2020. The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10 package. A total of 49 patients presented with manifestations of acute pesticide poisoning, and the most common pesticide involved was diazinon. The most frequent exposure route was accidentally ingesting pesticide products (95%). The primary clinical manifestations were toxic encephalopathy, coma, depressive disorder, gastric disorders, and respiratory failure. Changes in the glycemic status, liver, and kidney damage were also present. Treatment included decontamination, administration of antidote, supportive care, and recommendations to be closely monitored to avoid a new incident. These results highlight the toxic potential of pesticides on human health and their biological consequences, which require an increase in consciousness of the precautions imposed on their use, especially when children are nearby. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exposure, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Pesticides)
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13 pages, 4327 KiB  
Article
Life Cycle Exposure to Cyhalofop-Butyl Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Zebrafish
by Manman Duan, Xuanjun Guo, Xiangguang Chen, Mengyu Guo, Hao Xu, Lubo Hao, Chengju Wang and Yang Yang
Toxics 2022, 10(9), 495; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10090495 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1541
Abstract
Cyhalofop-butyl (CyB) is a herbicide widely used in paddy fields that may transfer to aquatic ecosystems and cause harm to aquatic organisms. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to CyB at environmental concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L) throughout their adult [...] Read more.
Cyhalofop-butyl (CyB) is a herbicide widely used in paddy fields that may transfer to aquatic ecosystems and cause harm to aquatic organisms. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to CyB at environmental concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L) throughout their adult life cycle, from embryo to sexual maturity. The effects of CyB on zebrafish growth and reproduction were studied. It was found that female spawning was inhibited, and adult male fertility decreased. In addition, we examined the expression of sex steroid hormones and genes related to the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad–liver (HPGL) axis. After 150 days of exposure, the hormone balance in zebrafish was disturbed, and the concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin (VTG) were decreased. Changes in sex hormone were regulated by the expression of genes related to the HPGL axis. These results confirmed that long-term exposure to CyB at environmental concentrations can damage the reproductive capacity of zebrafish by disrupting the transcription of genes related to the HPGL axis. Overall, these data may provide a new understanding of the reproductive toxicity of long-term exposure to CyB in zebrafish parents and offspring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exposure, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Pesticides)
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18 pages, 2413 KiB  
Systematic Review
Impact of Pesticides on Cancer and Congenital Malformation: A Systematic Review
by Viviane Serra Melanda, Maria Eduarda A. Galiciolli, Luíza S. Lima, Bonald C. Figueiredo and Cláudia S. Oliveira
Toxics 2022, 10(11), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10110676 - 09 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2322
Abstract
Pesticide exposure has deleterious effects on human health and development; however, no review has been conducted on human exposure to pesticides and the risk of congenital malformations and cancer in the same cohort. We systematically reviewed the evidence for this relationship following the [...] Read more.
Pesticide exposure has deleterious effects on human health and development; however, no review has been conducted on human exposure to pesticides and the risk of congenital malformations and cancer in the same cohort. We systematically reviewed the evidence for this relationship following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Four databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and BVS, were searched for studies deposited till July 2020 that examined the influence of pesticide exposure on congenital malformations and cancer outcomes in the same cohort. Seven studies were systematically included in this review. Among these, four were case–control studies, two were cross-sectional studies, and one was a longitudinal cohort study. The sources of contamination were food, water, or exposure during agricultural work. A link between the occurrence of cancer, congenital malformations, and exposure to pesticides was observed in most studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exposure, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Pesticides)
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