Advance in Biomarkers for the Identification of Human Exposure to Different Occupational and Environmental Pollutants of New Concern

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Toxicology and Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 1256

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene (Dimeila), 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
Interests: biological monitoring; biomarkers; endocrine disruptors; mass spectrometry; high-performance liquid chromatography; occupational exposure; environmental exposure

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Laboratory Risks of Chemical Agents, Istituto Nazionale Assicurazione Infortuni sul Lavoro (INAIL), 00078 Roma, Italy
Interests: occupational and environmental health; professional exposure to chemical agents as pollutants in various workplaces (as hazardous medical products and chemical substances in hospitals and in the veterinary sector, determination of polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons-PAHs emitted by granules or mulches used as infill material in synthetic turf pitches etc.)
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human biomonitoring is a powerful method for assessing human exposure to xenobiotics (or their associated effects) by measuring these chemicals themselves or their metabolites in human tissues or specimens, such as blood, urine or hair, but also the effects that indicate the presence of early symptoms or dysfunctions that are likely still reversible with reduced environmental exposure. New analytical tecniques have made very low levels of xenobiotics detectable, which is helpful in biological monitoring, where the analytes have frequently very low concentrations, in particular, in the general population. Studying the new xenobiotics, such as endochrine disruptors, - phthalates, alchil-phenols, perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA) pesticides,  is essential improve the definition of occupational exposure and our understanding of the general population reference values.

This Special Issue focuses on research on new biomarkers and the development of new analytical methods using different tecniques, such as liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, to measure the exposure, effect and susceptibility  biomarkers in human specimens, mostly in their blood, urine, saliva, and exaled air. Therefore, this Special Issue solicits the submission of original researches and review articles on this topic.

Prof. Dr. Enrico Paci
Dr. Paola Castellano
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • biomarker
  • biomonitoring
  • reference values
  • xenobiotics
  • exposure
  • endochrine disruptors

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1873 KiB  
Article
Kinetic Considerations in the Interpretation of Biomonitoring of 1,3-Butadiene Exposure by Determination of Urinary Mercapturic Acids
by Peter J. Boogaard, Mary Freire de Carvalho and Maryam Zare Jeddi
Toxics 2024, 12(9), 623; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12090623 - 23 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 905
Abstract
1,3-Butadiene (BD) is classified as a human carcinogen, and occupational exposure should be minimized. This study examined the effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the clean-up and repair of a storage tank containing sludge contaminated with BD. A total of 66 workers [...] Read more.
1,3-Butadiene (BD) is classified as a human carcinogen, and occupational exposure should be minimized. This study examined the effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the clean-up and repair of a storage tank containing sludge contaminated with BD. A total of 66 workers participated, providing repeat urine samples before and after the shift. Overall, 1286 samples were analyzed for 1,2-dihydroxy-4-(N-acetylcysteinyl)butane (DHBMA) and the isomers 2-hydroxy-1-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-3-butene and 1-hydroxy-2-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-3-butene (MHBMA). Both DHBMA and MHBMA are urinary metabolites of BD and serve as biomarkers for recent BD exposure. Established correlations between the urinary concentrations of these biomarkers and airborne BD levels allowed for exposure assessment. However, conclusions regarding the exceedances of occupational exposure limits can vary depending on whether DHBMA or MHBMA levels are considered. This study investigated this discrepancy by estimating the apparent urinary half-lives of DHBMA and MHBMA using sequential individual post- and pre-shift samples. The results indicated that the longer urinary half-life of MHBMA (19.7 ± 3.1 h) led to its accumulation during the work week, in contrast to DHBMA, which has a shorter half-life (10.3 ± 1.9 h) and showed limited accumulation. When the kinetic information was used to adjust for the MHBMA build-up over the week, the discrepancy with DHBMA resolved, confirming that exposure limit values were not exceeded and validating the effectiveness of the PPE used. In the context of biomonitoring, this study provides valuable insights into biomarker selection based on specific objectives. MHBMA is recommended for scenarios with uncertain exposure timing and activities, whereas DHBMA is the preferred biomarker for evaluating the effectiveness of protective measures in known exposure settings. Full article
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