Impact of Pollutants on Aquatic Ecosystems and Food Safety

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Contaminants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 418

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM)-CNR, Mazara del Vallo, Italy
Interests: environmental biodiversity; biomarkers; stress response; emerging contaminants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The constant interaction with the external physical system tends to alter the homeostatic balance, a fundamental characteristic of all organisms. Assessing the effects of multiple stressors, both natural and anthropogenic, acting on species, populations, and communities at different spatial and temporal scales has become a complex and urgent challenge. The goal of this Special Issue is to collect as much data as possible to highlight how ecotoxicology is adapting to an increasingly complex context, which goes beyond the direct effects of pollutants on organisms and also includes indirect and cascading effects that can alter biotic interactions and the complex functioning of ecosystems. Although research on these systemic effects is still developing, it is crucial to understand how pollution and other stressors can compromise the sustainability of ecosystems and natural resources. In this context, the use of biomarkers is emerging as a critical tool in environmental monitoring programs, as they allow for the early detection of environmental stress and facilitate the timely assessment of ecotoxicological impacts. We invite contributions that address the assessment of the effects of emerging contaminants, such as personal care products, pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and similar substances, in freshwater and marine environments, using stress as a measure to monitor and understand their effects.

Dr. Francesca Falco
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • multi-stress
  • enviromental biodiversity
  • cascading effect
  • emerging contaminants
  • ecotoxicology
  • biomarkers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 2597 KiB  
Article
Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Oxidative Stress, Blood Biochemistry, and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
by Sasan Azarm-Karnagh, Masoud Sattari, Mahdi Banaee, Behzad Shirkavand Hadavand and Francesca Falco
Toxics 2025, 13(5), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13050336 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 103
Abstract
Plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems has become a global concern, and nanoplastics, due to their small size and high penetration potential, pose significant risks to aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on oxidative stress biomarkers, blood [...] Read more.
Plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems has become a global concern, and nanoplastics, due to their small size and high penetration potential, pose significant risks to aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on oxidative stress biomarkers, blood biochemical parameters, and digestive enzyme activities in Goldfish (Carassius auratus). The experiment was conducted over 21 days, exposing fish to four different dietary concentrations of PS-NPs (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/Kg). The results showed that chronic exposure to 50 nm PS-NPs significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPx) and MDA activity in the gill, kidney, and liver tissues, indicating the induction of oxidative stress. Furthermore, notable alterations were observed in blood biochemical enzymes (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), suggesting cellular damage and physiological disturbances. Additionally, PS-NP exposure affected the activity of digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, and protease), which may impact nutrient digestion and absorption. These findings highlight that PS-NPs can adversely affect aquatic animal health and may influence the nutritional quality of fish. Therefore, further research is necessary to assess the long-term ecological and toxicological impacts of nanoplastics in freshwater ecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Pollutants on Aquatic Ecosystems and Food Safety)
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