Symmetry Applied in Remote Sensing Technology

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 511

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Vlatacom Institute of High Technologies, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: remote sensing; high-resolution methods; range–doppler map; ship detection; radar; array processing; radar signal processing

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: GSM; information and communication technology; LTE; electronics and communication engineering; radio communication; communication and signal processing; antennas and propagation; satellite communication

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

In recent years, remote sensing technology has been developed rapidly to provide support for emerging applications and to enable better localization of targets. The localization of ships and sea traffic monitoring have always been a focus of coastal countries. Also, of particular interest is air monitoring and early warning systems. This has been particularly pronounced in recent years, primarily due to security reasons. 

To monitor activities on a sea surface, radars operating in the microwave frequency band have been primarily used. However, they generally cover only the territorial waters, as they are based on direct propagation of waves. Unfortunately, many illegal activities can be carried out beyond the horizon, which is well beyond the detection range of these radars. In order to monitor the entire EEZ, over-the-horizon radars (OTHR) are used, especially those that operate in the high-frequency (HF) band. Similarly, monitoring activities in the air often relies on radars operating in the VHF frequency band, while other systems of particular interest include SAR systems and ionospheric radars.  

In such radar systems, different symmetry models are developed to address various challenges and issues. Symmetry arises in many radar subsystems—including waveforms, codes, antenna arrays, and signal processing—and is employed to simplify design, improve ambiguity properties, cancel sidelobes, enforce reciprocity, and enhance the robustness of hardware and algorithms. Additional topics of interest include symmetric beam control, simple calibration, the effects of realistic asymmetries (such as phase and amplitude errors, Doppler shifts, and coupling), and interference suppression. The mechanical construction of these systems and their correspondinh symmetry-based models also offer valuable research directions, making this topic relevant to mechanical engineers. Real-time signal processing poses further challenges, inviting contributions from software engineers, while the integration of AI methods is likewise encouraged. 

In this Special Issue, we welcome novel ideas, advanced techniques, comparative analyses of different methodologies, as well as surveys and technical reviews covering all aspects of existing results in remote sensing.  

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • OTHR (over-the-horizon radars);
  • HFSWR (high-frequency surface wave radars);
  • VHF radars;
  • Early warning systems;
  • SAR (Synthetic-aperture radar);
  • Ionospheric radars;
  • Microwave radars.

Symmetry is a fundamental property that has been extensively applied in the study and development of diverse radar systems. This Special Issue invites original research exploring symmetry and asymmetry characteristics in remote sensing technology. Through this Issue, we aim to share knowledge and foster collaboration among researchers, designers, manufacturers, and users in this dynamic field.

We look forward to receiving your contributions. 

Dr. Dragan Golubović
Prof. Dr. Mirjana I. Simić
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • symmetry
  • OTHR
  • HFSWR
  • VHF radars
  • SAR
  • ionospheric radars
  • waveform symmetry
  • antenna array symmetry
  • ambiguity properties
  • sidelobes cancellation
  • interference suppresion

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

34 pages, 9782 KB  
Article
An Adaptive MPA-RUN Framework for Multilevel Thresholding of Multispectral Satellite Images
by Ataberk Köşger, Arda Güneş, Enes Altındirek, İsmail Buğra Kuru and Muhammed Faruk Şahin
Symmetry 2026, 18(5), 851; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18050851 - 17 May 2026
Viewed by 159
Abstract
Multispectral satellite image segmentation constitutes a challenging optimization problem due to high dimensionality and complex inter-band correlation structures. As the number of thresholds increases, the search space grows exponentially, causing metaheuristic methods to suffer from convergence instability by getting trapped in local optima [...] Read more.
Multispectral satellite image segmentation constitutes a challenging optimization problem due to high dimensionality and complex inter-band correlation structures. As the number of thresholds increases, the search space grows exponentially, causing metaheuristic methods to suffer from convergence instability by getting trapped in local optima on highly multimodal landscapes. In this study, a hybrid optimization method is proposed by integrating the Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) with the Runge–Kutta (RUN) approach. The proposed framework enhances global exploration through Cauchy-based perturbation, while improving exploitation capability via a mutation-based local refinement mechanism, and reduces spectral redundancy using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The MPA-RUN hybrid structure, combined with a Cauchy-driven exploration strategy and an adaptive local search mechanism, significantly improves the exploration–exploitation balance in multispectral image thresholding problems. Experiments are conducted on Sentinel-2 multispectral images, and the proposed method is evaluated against conventional metaheuristic algorithms over a wide threshold range (2–26), encompassing both low- and high-dimensional configurations. At high threshold levels, the proposed method achieves Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) = 23.66, Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) = 0.863, and Feature Similarity Index Measure (FSIM) = 0.797, while providing approximately 35% lower computational time at moderate levels, demonstrating superior efficiency. These results demonstrate that a balanced trade-off between accuracy and computational cost is achieved. The proposed approach offers a fast and reliable solution for processing high-dimensional data by effectively balancing segmentation quality and computational complexity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Applied in Remote Sensing Technology)
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