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Symmetry
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Symmetry/Asymmetry in Future Wireless Networks
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Symmetry/Asymmetry in Future Wireless Networks

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 2051

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mingkai Chen

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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
Interests: wireless communications; signal processing; wireless network
Dr. Lisu Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
Interests: wireless communication; AI; Internet of Things
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Han Xiao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
Interests: edge intelligence; AI communication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to announce a call for papers for the upcoming Symmetry Special Issue, which will focus on "Symmetry/Asymmetry in Future Wireless Networks". As we stand on the cusp of a new era in wireless communication, the principles of symmetry and asymmetry are emerging as key determinants in the evolution of our networks. The interplay between these concepts shapes the technical landscape and redefines how we think about network design, optimization, and service delivery.

This Special Issue is a unique opportunity to explore the nuanced relationship between symmetry and asymmetry in the context of future wireless networks. We invite you to contribute your research, insights, and innovative ideas to help us understand, predict, and shape the future of wireless communication.

Dr. Mingkai Chen
Dr. Lisu Yu
Dr. Han Xiao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wireless networks
  • network architecture
  • network management
  • quality of service

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 2725 KiB  
Article
A Strategy for Improving Millimeter Wave Communication Reliability by Hybrid Network Considering Rainfall Attenuation
by Jiaqing Sun, Chunxiao Li, Junfeng Wei and Jiajun Shen
Symmetry 2025, 17(7), 1054; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071054 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 293
Abstract
With the rapid development of smart connected vehicles, vehicle network communications demand high-speed data transmission to support advanced automotive services. Millimeter Wave (mmWave) communication offers fast data rates, strong anti-interference capabilities, high precision localization and low-latency, making it suitable for high-speed in-vehicle communications. [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of smart connected vehicles, vehicle network communications demand high-speed data transmission to support advanced automotive services. Millimeter Wave (mmWave) communication offers fast data rates, strong anti-interference capabilities, high precision localization and low-latency, making it suitable for high-speed in-vehicle communications. However, mmWave communication performance in vehicular networks is hindered by high path loss and frequent beam alignment updates, significantly degrading the coverage and connectivity of vehicle nodes (VNs). In addition, atmospheric propagation attenuation further deteriorates signal quality and limits system performance due to raindrop absorption and scattering. Therefore, the pure mmWave networks cannot meet the high requirements of highway vehicular communications. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a hybrid mmWave and microwave network architecture to improve VNs’ coverage and connectivity performances through the strategic deployment of Roadside Units (RSUs). Using Radio Access Technology (RAT), mmWave and microwave RSUs are symmetrically deployed on both sides of the road to communicate with VNs located at the road center. This symmetric RSUs deployment significantly improves the network reliability. Analytical expressions for coverage and connectivity in the proposed hybrid networks are derived and compared with the pure mmWave networks, accounting for rainfall attenuation. The study results show that the proposed hybrid network shows better performance than the pure mmWave network in both coverage and connectivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry/Asymmetry in Future Wireless Networks)
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25 pages, 4360 KiB  
Article
Positioning-Based Uplink Synchronization Method for NB-IoT in LEO Satellite Networks
by Qiang Qi, Tao Hong and Gengxin Zhang
Symmetry 2025, 17(7), 984; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17070984 - 21 Jun 2025
Viewed by 569
Abstract
With the growth of Internet of Things (IoT) business demands, NB-IoT integrating low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems is considered a crucial component for achieving global coverage of IoT networks in the future. However, the long propagation delay and significant Doppler frequency [...] Read more.
With the growth of Internet of Things (IoT) business demands, NB-IoT integrating low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems is considered a crucial component for achieving global coverage of IoT networks in the future. However, the long propagation delay and significant Doppler frequency shift of the satellite-to-ground link pose substantial challenges to the uplink and downlink synchronization in LEO satellite-based NB-IoT networks. To address this challenge, we first propose a Multiple Segment Auto-correlation (MSA) algorithm to detect the downlink Narrow-band Primary Synchronization Signal (NPSS), specifically tailored for the large Doppler frequency shift of LEO satellites. After detection, downlink synchronization can be realized by determining the arrival time and frequency of the NPSS. Then, to complete the uplink synchronization, we propose a position-based scheme to obtain the Timing Advance (TA) values and pre-compensated Doppler shift value. In this scheme, we formulate a time difference of arrival (TDOA) equation using the arrival times of NPSSs from different satellites or at different times as observations. After solving the TDOA equation using the Chan method, the uplink synchronization is completed by obtaining the TA values and pre-compensated Doppler shift value from the terminal position combined with satellite ephemeris. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified in an Iridium satellite constellation. Compared to conventional GNSS-assisted methods, the approach proposed in this paper reduces terminal power consumption by 15–40%. Moreover, it achieves an uplink synchronization success rate of over 98% under negative SNR conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry/Asymmetry in Future Wireless Networks)
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20 pages, 1044 KiB  
Article
Reliable Transmission of Energy Harvesting Full-Duplex Relay Systems with Short-Packet Communications
by Chenxi Yang, Mingkang Yu, Jinshu Huang, Dechuan Chen, Jin Li and Pei Jiang
Symmetry 2025, 17(2), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020281 - 12 Feb 2025
Viewed by 618
Abstract
Energy harvesting (EH) from radio frequency (RF) signals provides a promising approach for supplying sustainable and convenient energy to low-power Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this work, we investigate short-packet communications in a full-duplex (FD) relay system, where RF signals from a [...] Read more.
Energy harvesting (EH) from radio frequency (RF) signals provides a promising approach for supplying sustainable and convenient energy to low-power Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this work, we investigate short-packet communications in a full-duplex (FD) relay system, where RF signals from a source are utilized to power an energy-constrained relay through the time switching protocol. Specifically, hardware impairments in each node and residual self-interference caused by FD are jointly considered. To ensure reliable transmission, two antennas are symmetrically arranged according to the position of the relay station, both of which are used for energy harvesting. Furthermore, we explored two practical schemes based on symmetric channel correlation, i.e., an independent channel for energy harvesting and an identical channel for energy harvesting. For both scenarios, we derive closed-form approximations for the overall average block error rate (BLER) and effective throughput. The validity of our analysis is confirmed through computer simulations, demonstrating that the proposed scheme enhances the reliability and throughput of the system compared with the existing scheme in the literature at low transmission rates and transmit signal-to-noise-ratios (SNRs). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry/Asymmetry in Future Wireless Networks)
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