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Symmetry
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Symmetry: Feature Papers 2025
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Symmetry: Feature Papers 2025

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 1771

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sergei Odintsov

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
2. Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), C. Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: cosmology; dark energy and inflation; classical and quantum gravity; extended gravity; quantum fields in curved spacetime
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As Editor-in-Chief of the journal Symmetry, I am pleased to announce this Special Issue, entitled “Symmetry: Feature Papers 2025”. In recent years, we have collaborated with excellent scholars and scientific groups and have published several important high-level studies which have already been cited numerous times according to the data from Web of Science. Our current aim is to present new insights into scientific developments and cutting-edge technology related to the symmetry field which will make great contributions to the community. Thus, we will continue the Special Issue “Symmetry: Feature Papers” series in 2025.

You are welcome to send short proposals for submissions of Feature Papers to our Editorial Office (symmetry@mdpi.com) before submission. After the proposals have been evaluated, papers may be considered for publication free of charge.

These will firstly be evaluated by our Editors. Please note that selected full papers will still be subject to thorough and rigorous peer review.

Prof. Dr. Sergei Odintsov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • computer science
  • mathematics
  • physics
  • chemistry: symmetry/asymmetry
  • life sciences
  • engineering and materials

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 1482 KB  
Article
Models and Methods for Assessing Intruder’s Awareness of Attacked Objects
by Vladimir V. Baranov and Alexander A. Shelupanov
Symmetry 2025, 17(10), 1604; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17101604 - 27 Sep 2025
Viewed by 211
Abstract
The formation of strategies and tactics of destructive impact (DI) at the stages of complex computer attacks (CCAs) largely depends on the content of intelligence data obtained by the intruder about the attacked elements of distributed information systems (DISs). This study analyzes scientific [...] Read more.
The formation of strategies and tactics of destructive impact (DI) at the stages of complex computer attacks (CCAs) largely depends on the content of intelligence data obtained by the intruder about the attacked elements of distributed information systems (DISs). This study analyzes scientific papers, methodologies and standards in the field of assessing the indicators of awareness of the intruder about the objects of DI and symmetrical indicators of intelligence security of the elements of the DIS. It was revealed that the aspects of changing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of intelligence data (ID) at the stages of CCA, as well as their impact on the possibilities of using certain types of simple computer attacks (SKAs), are poorly studied and insufficiently systematized. This paper uses technologies for modeling the process of an intruder obtaining ID based on the application of the methodology of black, grey and white boxes and the theory of fuzzy sets. This allowed us to identify the relationship between certain arrays of ID and the possibilities of applying certain types of SCA end-structure arrays of ID according to the levels of identifying objects of DI, and to create a scale of intruder awareness symmetrical to the scale of intelligence protection of the elements of the DIS. Experiments were conducted to verify the practical applicability of the developed models and techniques, showing positive results that make it possible to identify vulnerable objects, tactics and techniques of the intruder in advance. The result of this study is the development of an intruder awareness scale, which includes five levels of his knowledge about the attacked system, estimated by numerical intervals and characterized by linguistic terms. Each awareness level corresponds to one CCA stage: primary ID collection, penetration and legalization, privilege escalation, distribution and DI. Awareness levels have corresponding typical ID lists that can be potentially available after conducting the corresponding type of SCA. Typical ID lists are classified according to the following DI levels: network, hardware, system, application and user level. For each awareness level, the method of obtaining the ID by the intruder is specified. These research results represent a scientific contribution. The practical contribution is the application of the developed scale for information security (IS) incident management. It allows for a proactive assessment of DIS security against CCAs—modeling the real DIS structure and various CCA scenarios. During an incident, upon detection of a certain CCA stage, it allows for identifying data on DIS elements potentially known by the intruder and eliminating further development of the incident. The results of this study can also be used for training IS specialists in network security, risk assessment and IS incident management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry: Feature Papers 2025)
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22 pages, 335 KB  
Article
Non-Minimal Einstein–Dirac-Axion Theory: Spinorization of the Early Universe Induced by Curvature
by Alexander B. Balakin and Anna O. Efremova
Symmetry 2025, 17(5), 663; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050663 - 27 Apr 2025
Viewed by 563
Abstract
A new non-minimal version of the Einstein–Dirac-axion theory is established. This version of the non-minimal theory describing the interaction of gravitational, spinor, and axion fields is of the second order in derivatives in the context of the Effective Field Theory and is of [...] Read more.
A new non-minimal version of the Einstein–Dirac-axion theory is established. This version of the non-minimal theory describing the interaction of gravitational, spinor, and axion fields is of the second order in derivatives in the context of the Effective Field Theory and is of the first order in the spinor particle number density. The model Lagrangian contains four parameters of non-minimal coupling and includes, in addition to the Riemann tensor, Ricci tensor, and Ricci scalar, as well as left-dual and right-dual curvature tensors. The pseudoscalar field appears in the Lagrangian in terms of trigonometric functions providing the discrete symmetry associated with axions, which is supported. The coupled system of extended master equations for the gravitational, spinor, and axion fields is derived; the structure of new non-minimal sources that appear in these master equations is discussed. Application of the established theory to the isotropic homogeneous cosmological model is considered; new exact solutions are presented for a few model sets of guiding non-minimal parameters. A special solution is presented, which describes an exponential growth of the spinor number density; this solution shows that spinor particles (massive fermions and massless neutrinos) can be born in the early Universe due to the non-minimal interaction with the spacetime curvature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry: Feature Papers 2025)
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