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Sustainability
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Sustainability in the Sports Market and Sports Events
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Sustainability in the Sports Market and Sports Events

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 17442

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eiji Yamamura

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Seinan Gakuin University
Interests: behavioral economics; sports economics; gender difference; culture and society; social capital

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, government-enforced lockdowns have had tremendous impact on sporting events in many countries. The Tokyo Olympics have been postponed until July 2021, although it is unknown whether the Tokyo Olympics will be held in 2021. This will have inevitable impacts on the lives and training plans of the participating athletes. The Olympic Games, often politicized and commercialized, have generated great interest from researchers in this context.

Apart from the Olympics, various professional sports have cancelled games or held them without spectators. The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced not only the physical, but also the mental condition of athletes. Some of these effects may be lasting or persistent. From another perspective, sports fans may feel unhappy or upset due to the lack of games.

In terms of finance, COVID-19 has drastically reduced the revenues of professional sports, creating difficulties in managing professional sports teams. Players are more likely to be dismissed than ever before. The current difficulties professional sports are encountering raise new questions about the sustainability of the professional sports market. This Special Issue aims to cover various impacts of COVID-19 on sports markets.

Dr. Eiji Yamamura
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 364 KiB  
Article
Euro 2020 Held during the COVID-19 Period: Budapest Residents’ Perceptions
by Balázs Polcsik, Tamás Laczkó and Szilvia Perényi
Sustainability 2022, 14(18), 11601; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811601 - 15 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1816
Abstract
Organising the 2020 European Football Championship was fraught with the uncertainties of the pandemic period. Budapest hosted its four allocated matches during the postponed event without stadium capacity restrictions. Drawing on both social exchange theory (SET) and social representation theory (SRT), the study [...] Read more.
Organising the 2020 European Football Championship was fraught with the uncertainties of the pandemic period. Budapest hosted its four allocated matches during the postponed event without stadium capacity restrictions. Drawing on both social exchange theory (SET) and social representation theory (SRT), the study aimed to investigate how the level of fear of COVID-19 before the start of Euro 2020 influenced the perception of the tournament among residents of Budapest. Data were collected by telephone interview during the five days preceding the event based on a representative sample of Budapest residents (n = 1003, adult population aged 18 years and over), accounting for gender, age and place of residence. Cluster analysis identified three groups of residents based on fear of coronavirus: concerned, neutral and unconcerned. Although our study only investigated the opinions of residents in one host city, the relevance of the research appears compelling in that it highlights the crucial role of COVID-19 in influencing responses to the expected impact of Euro 2020. Examining the views of local residents and understanding the factors that influence their opinions play a key role in more successful and sustainable delivery of sporting events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Sports Market and Sports Events)
22 pages, 576 KiB  
Article
Involvement, Social Impact Experiences, and Event Support of Host Residents Before, during, and after the 2021 UCI Road World Championships
by Kobe Helsen, Marijke Taks and Jeroen Scheerder
Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 9509; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159509 - 03 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1550
Abstract
Host residents’ support is of paramount importance for the success of spectator sports events. Factors influencing event support have been investigated in past research, but usually in isolation. The current study includes multiple factors by analysing the relationship among involvement, social impact experiences, [...] Read more.
Host residents’ support is of paramount importance for the success of spectator sports events. Factors influencing event support have been investigated in past research, but usually in isolation. The current study includes multiple factors by analysing the relationship among involvement, social impact experiences, and event support. Data were collected online four and six months before, during, and two months after the 2021 UCI Road World Championships from 3219 from residents, representative for the city of Leuven (Belgium). The 2021 UCI Road World Championships offered a unique context, as it was the first large spectator sports event organised in Flanders since COVID-19. The event had a limited social impact, but this increased over time (e.g., community spirit and event support). Social impact experiences mainly exerted a significant influence on event support rather than attitudinal and behavioural involvement factors. The results of this study inform national and local policymakers to attract events, event organisers to achieve impact and legacy, and other scholars to improve the understanding of spectator sports event research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Sports Market and Sports Events)
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16 pages, 715 KiB  
Article
Effects of the Olympic Announcement and the Actual Event on Property Values: The Case of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games
by Seung-Jin Han, Won-Jae Lee, So-Hee Kim, Sang-Hoon Yoon, Won Shick Ryu, Hyunwoong Pyun and Daehwan Kim
Sustainability 2022, 14(14), 8687; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148687 - 15 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1495
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of the Olympic announcement and the actual event on property values in the host region using the case of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. We collected Korean government-issued apartment transaction data in the host city, Gangneung, and [...] Read more.
This study investigates the effects of the Olympic announcement and the actual event on property values in the host region using the case of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. We collected Korean government-issued apartment transaction data in the host city, Gangneung, and other cities. We performed propensity score matching to generate a suitable control group compared to units in Gangneung and exploited difference-in-difference analyses to test the impact of the announcement and the actual event separately. The results show that the Olympic announcement increased property values in Gangneung by 5.5% compared to propensity-matched units, and the effects are mostly shown in units in downtown Gangneung. Units close to the KTX station and the Olympic arena observed additional increases in housing prices. During the actual Olympic event, property values in Gangneung increased by 8.3% after the KTX station opened, but the actual event period and Athletes’ Village opening did not generate additional effects. The additional increases in housing prices close to the opening of the KTX station were found for units close to the KTX station, the Olympic arena, and Athletes’ Village. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Sports Market and Sports Events)
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14 pages, 952 KiB  
Article
Do You Want Sustainable Olympics? Environment, Disaster, Gender, and the 2020 Tokyo Olympics
by Eiji Yamamura
Sustainability 2021, 13(22), 12879; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212879 - 21 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3623
Abstract
The slogans of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics were “symbol of resilience from the Great East Japan Earthquake” and “Compact Olympics”. The Olympics were also expected to demonstrate “gender equality” and to enhance sustainability in modern society. However, in practice, the cost of the [...] Read more.
The slogans of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics were “symbol of resilience from the Great East Japan Earthquake” and “Compact Olympics”. The Olympics were also expected to demonstrate “gender equality” and to enhance sustainability in modern society. However, in practice, the cost of the Tokyo Olympics 2020 was far greater than estimated. The slogan was changed to “symbol of overcoming COVID-19” although in reality, infection spread dramatically during the games. Overall, the 2020 Tokyo Olympics did not turn out as expected or meet the expectations of the populace. Using individual-level data, we tested how and to what extent Japanese proponents of a sustainable society supported the compact Olympics announced in 2016. The key findings are: (1) most people support policies for environmental protection, gender equality, and disaster prevention and (2) they would have wished to reduce public expenditure for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Further examination with a questionnaire yielded similar results for the male but not for the female sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Sports Market and Sports Events)
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16 pages, 1287 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Postponing 2020 Tokyo Olympics on the Happiness of O-MO-TE-NA-SHI Workers in Tourism: A Consequence of COVID-19
by Eiji Yamamura and Yoshiro Tsutsui
Sustainability 2020, 12(19), 8168; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198168 - 03 Oct 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 7245
Abstract
The 2020 Tokyo Olympics have been postponed due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The implications for industries related to the Olympics—tourism, hotels and restaurants, and others—are expected to be affected by reduced demand. Japanese workers in these industries were prepared to offer [...] Read more.
The 2020 Tokyo Olympics have been postponed due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The implications for industries related to the Olympics—tourism, hotels and restaurants, and others—are expected to be affected by reduced demand. Japanese workers in these industries were prepared to offer their hospitality to visitors from around the world. They would be benefited not only by an increase in income but also in offering visitors a taste of Tokyo’s great hospitality if the Olympics had been held in 2020. However, postponement of the sporting event is likely to have a significant impact on their happiness level. We independently collected individual-level panel data from March to April 2020. In the survey, the respondents were asked about their happiness levels by choosing from 11 categories: 1 (very unhappy) and 11 (very happy). They were also asked about expected income changes from 2020 to 2021. Based on this, we examined the effect of postponement on happiness level and expected income change. The sample was divided into sub-samples of areas including and excluding Tokyo. We found that the happiness level of workers in the tourism and restaurant sectors declined drastically after the announcement of the postponement. Only two weeks later, their happiness level did not alter from the pre-announcement level. This tendency was strongly observed in Tokyo and the surrounding prefectures, but not in other prefectures. However, workers engaged in the tourism and restaurant sectors did not predict a decrease in their income even after the postponement. Combined, these findings indicate that loss of extending hospitality, rather than reduction in income, temporarily reduces the happiness level of workers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in the Sports Market and Sports Events)
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