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Sustainable Waste Air and Biogas Treatment
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Sustainable Waste Air and Biogas Treatment

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Chemical Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2020) | Viewed by 16640

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Daniel Dobslaw

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Interests: biodegradation; waste air treatment; biotrickling filter; biofilter; bioscrubber; microbiology; community analysis; plasma treatment
Prof. Dr. Karl Heinrich Engesser

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Interests: biodegradation; biological waste air treatment; degradation pathways; mineralization of xenobiotics; microbiology, genetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent scenarios of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and British Petroleum (BP) revealed both an increase in global population by 23 % and personal incomes of 2.5 billion people until the year 2040. In a ‘business as usual’ scenario CO2 emissions caused by increases in population and incomes cannot be compensated by higher energy efficiency efforts and lead to a global increase by 30 %. Even taking recent strategies like ‘low-carb’ fuels and regenerative energies into account predictive CO2 emission may increase by 10 %. On the other side, the key finding of the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C of the year 2018 was that severe emission reductions are required to pass this goal until the year 2100. In detail, the CO2 equivalent emissions of 12 tons per year and habitant in industrial countries have to be reduced below 1 t CO2,eq/a/habitant until 2050. To achieve this goal every possibility of emission reduction has to be taken into account. Due to the fact that nearly 0.8 t CO2,eq/a/habitant is formed by waste gas and waste air treatment, mainly caused by the installation of incineration technologies or the inadequate capture and incineration of biogas, sustainable technologies for waste air, waste gas, and biogas treatment have to introduced. Biological waste air and waste gas treatment technologies are a high-potential alternative due to the lack of greenhouse gas relevant secondary emissions and a large spectrum of applications for these technologies. Despite these clear pros, biological waste air and waste gas treatment processes are mainly restricted to agricultural waste air and waste gas treatment and only of minor relevance in industrial applications.

Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to attract researchers and practitioners on the possibilities and applicability of biological waste air and waste gas treatment technologies. This Special Issue will accept original/review research that addresses the following topics:

  1. Legal framework to achieve 1.5 °C global warming target of the Paris agreement
  2. Innovative ventilation concepts to enhance energy efficiency / emission management
  3. Technical trends in biological waste air and waste gas treatment
  4. New approaches in sustainable agricultural or industrial waste air treatment
  5. Trends in emission management
  6. Combination of biological and non-biological waste air treatment technologies to deal with complex waste air scenarios
  7. Reuse concepts of waste air
  8. New approaches to improve the performance and demand for resources by sole or combined biological waste air treatment systems
  9. Industrial case studies
  10. Costs of waste air treatment technologies / approaches (constructive, operational)

Prof. Dr. Karl Heinrich Engesser
Dr. Daniel Dobslaw
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biological waste air treatment
  • waste gas treatment
  • emission control
  • combined processes
  • sustainability
  • energy efficiency
  • treatment performance
  • re-use

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 17458 KiB  
Article
Styrene and Bioaerosol Removal from Waste Air with a Combined Biotrickling Filter and DBD–Plasma System
by Steffen Helbich, Daniel Dobslaw, Andreas Schulz and Karl-Heinrich Engesser
Sustainability 2020, 12(21), 9240; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219240 - 06 Nov 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2419
Abstract
A combined system of a biotrickling filter and a non-thermal plasma (NTP) in a downstream airflow was operated for 1220 days for treatment of emissions of styrene and secondary emissions of germs formed in the biological process. The biotrickling filter was operated at [...] Read more.
A combined system of a biotrickling filter and a non-thermal plasma (NTP) in a downstream airflow was operated for 1220 days for treatment of emissions of styrene and secondary emissions of germs formed in the biological process. The biotrickling filter was operated at variable inlet concentrations, empty bed residence times (EBRT), type and dosage of fertilizers, irrigation densities, and starvation periods, while dielectric barrier discharge and corona discharge were operated at different specific input energy levels to achieve optimal conditions. Under these conditions, efficiencies in the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), germs and styrene of 96–98%, 1–4 log units and 24.7–50.1 g C m−3 h−1 were achieved, respectively. Fluid simulations of the NTP and a germ emission-based clocking of the discharge reveal further energy saving potentials of more than 90%. The aim of an energy-efficient elimination of VOCs through a biotrickling filter and of secondary germ emissions by a NTP stage in a downstream airflow for potential re-use of purified waste gas as process gas for industrial application was successfully accomplished. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Waste Air and Biogas Treatment)
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14 pages, 1483 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Parallel-Series Configurations of Two-Phase Partitioning Biotrickling Filtration and Biotrickling Filtration for Treating Styrene Gas-Phase Emissions
by Pau San-Valero, Javier Álvarez-Hornos, Pablo Ferrero, Josep M. Penya-Roja, Paula Marzal and Carmen Gabaldón
Sustainability 2020, 12(17), 6740; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176740 - 20 Aug 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1644
Abstract
The removal of styrene from industrial representative gaseous emissions was studied using two reactors connected in series: a two-phase partitioning biotrickling filter (TPPB-BTF) and a conventional biotrickling filter (BTF). The system was operated under industrial conditions, which included steady and transient conditions and [...] Read more.
The removal of styrene from industrial representative gaseous emissions was studied using two reactors connected in series: a two-phase partitioning biotrickling filter (TPPB-BTF) and a conventional biotrickling filter (BTF). The system was operated under industrial conditions, which included steady and transient conditions and intermittent spraying. Silicone oil was used in the TPPB-BTF with a quantity as low as 25 mL L−1, promoting a faster start-up compared to the BTF. By working at a styrene loading of 30 g m−3 h−1, nearly complete removal efficiency (RE) was obtained. In addition, the removal was not adversely impacted by using non-steady emission patterns such as overnight shutdowns (97% RE) and oscillating concentrations (95% RE), demonstrating its viability for industrial applications. After 2 months from inoculation, two additional configurations (reverse series BTF + TPPB-BTF and parallel) were tested, showing the series configuration as the best approach to consistently achieve RE > 95%. After 51 days of operation, high throughput sequencing revealed a sharp decrease in the bacterial diversity. In both reactors, the microorganisms belonging to the Comamonadaceae family were predominant and other styrene degraders such as Pseudomonadaceae proliferated preferably in the first reactor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Waste Air and Biogas Treatment)
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13 pages, 1659 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Chemical Sulfide Oxidation on the Oxygenic Activity of an Alkaliphilic Microalgae Consortium Deployed for Biogas Upgrading
by Arnold Ramírez-Rueda, Antonio Velasco and Armando González-Sánchez
Sustainability 2020, 12(16), 6610; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166610 - 15 Aug 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2038
Abstract
The oxygenic photosynthetic activity (OPA) of an alkaliphilic microalgae consortium was evaluated at different concentrations of dissolved sulfide under room temperature and well-defined conditions of irradiance and pH in a tubular closed photobioreactor. The kinetic assays showed that it was optimal at a [...] Read more.
The oxygenic photosynthetic activity (OPA) of an alkaliphilic microalgae consortium was evaluated at different concentrations of dissolved sulfide under room temperature and well-defined conditions of irradiance and pH in a tubular closed photobioreactor. The kinetic assays showed that it was optimal at a sulfide concentration of 3.2 mg/L under an external photosynthetically active radiation of 50 and 120 μE/m2 s together with a pH of 8.5 and 9.2. In contrast, the oxygenic photosynthetic activity was insignificant at 15 μE/m2 s with a pH of 7.3, both in the absence and presence of sulfide. Consecutive pulse additions of dissolved sulfide evidenced that the accumulation rate of dissolved oxygen was decreased by the spontaneous chemical oxidation of sulfide with dissolved oxygen in alkaline culture media, mainly at high sulfide levels. At 3.2 mg/L of sulfide, the oxygenic photosynthetic activity was improved by around 60% compared to the treatment without sulfide at external irradiances of 120 μE/m2 s, 30 °C, and pH of 8.5 and 9.2. Additionally, an even higher OPA enhancement (around 85%) was observed in the same previous conditions but using 16 mg/L of sulfide. Thiosulfate was the major end-product of sulfide by oxic chemical reaction, both in biotic and abiotic assays with yields of 0.80 and 0.68, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Waste Air and Biogas Treatment)
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Review

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37 pages, 9634 KiB  
Review
Plasma Technology and Its Relevance in Waste Air and Waste Gas Treatment
by Christine Dobslaw and Bernd Glocker
Sustainability 2020, 12(21), 8981; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218981 - 29 Oct 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5660
Abstract
Plasma technology is already used in various applications such as surface treatment, surface coating, reforming of carbon dioxide and methane, removal of volatile organic compounds, odor abatement and disinfection, but treatment processes described in this context do not go beyond laboratory and pilot [...] Read more.
Plasma technology is already used in various applications such as surface treatment, surface coating, reforming of carbon dioxide and methane, removal of volatile organic compounds, odor abatement and disinfection, but treatment processes described in this context do not go beyond laboratory and pilot plant scale. Exemplary applications of both non-thermal plasma and thermal plasma should underline the feasibility of scale-up to industrial application. A non-thermal plasma in modular form was built, which is designed for up to 1000 m³∙h−1 and was successfully practically tested in combination of non-thermal plasma (NTP), mineral adsorber and bio-scrubber for abatement of volatile organic components (VOCs), odorous substances and germs. Thermal plasmas are usually arc-heated plasmas, which are operated with different plasma gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon or air. In recent years steam plasmas were gradually established, adding liquid water as plasma gas. In the present system the plasma was directly operated with steam generated externally. Further progress of development of this system was described and critically evaluated towards performance data of an already commercially used water film-based system. Degradation rates of CF4 contaminated air of up to 100% where achieved in industrial scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Waste Air and Biogas Treatment)
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29 pages, 806 KiB  
Review
Biological Waste Air and Waste Gas Treatment: Overview, Challenges, Operational Efficiency, and Current Trends
by Daniel Dobslaw and Oliver Ortlinghaus
Sustainability 2020, 12(20), 8577; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208577 - 16 Oct 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4379
Abstract
International contracts to restrict emissions of climate-relevant gases, and thus global warming, also require a critical reconsideration of technologies for treating municipal, commercial, industrial, and agricultural waste gas emissions. A change from energy- and resource-intensive technologies, such as thermal post-combustion and adsorption, as [...] Read more.
International contracts to restrict emissions of climate-relevant gases, and thus global warming, also require a critical reconsideration of technologies for treating municipal, commercial, industrial, and agricultural waste gas emissions. A change from energy- and resource-intensive technologies, such as thermal post-combustion and adsorption, as well to low-emission technologies with high energy and resource efficiency, becomes mandatory. Biological processes already meet these requirements, but show restrictions in case of treatment of complex volatile organic compound (VOC) mixtures and space demand. Innovative approaches combining advanced oxidation and biofiltration processes seem to be a solution. In this review, biological processes, both as stand-alone technology and in combination with advanced oxidation processes, were critically evaluated in regard to technical, economical, and climate policy aspects, as well as present limitations and corresponding solutions to overcome these restrictions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Waste Air and Biogas Treatment)
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