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Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 84201

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Guest Editor
Economics and Informatics Department, Organization and Management Faculty, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: quality management; international business; CSR; organizational culture; Industry 4.0; smart cities; management methods
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I would like to invite you to propose a paper for a Special Issue of Sustainability entitled “Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0: Relations and Implications”.

Industry 4.0 is the result of the technological progress of the fourth Industrial Revolution. The term "Industry 4.0" was introduced in 2011 by Henning Kagermann, professor of physics and former president of the SAP board, and evolved into a strategy for the development of German industry. Industry 4.0 is intelligent industry, and the scope of this concept (also known as a 4th Industrial Revolution) is the digitalization of production processes in industry. Industry 4.0 uses the technical achievements of the third Industrial Revolution (i.e., the degree of automation and digitization in production that has already been achieved). At the fourth level of change, there is a strong combination of operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) in production. In industry, cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) are created by incorporating technological devices into the Internet space created by the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Services (IoS), and Big and Mining Data.

The progress of Industry 4.0 is characterized by the rapid change of the business and social environment and continuous growth. Very important are not only the business but also the social impacts of the Industry 4.0 concept. This new way of operating business and the increase of digitalization also leads to societal changes, and this impact on society is called Society 5.0. The concept of Society 5.0 has been promoted by the Japanese government since 2015. In this concept, taking the technological change of industry into account we should focus on the general welfare of citizens and aim for a superintelligent society.

Qualitative and quantitative empirical research studies are desired in this Special Issue. We welcome papers that show the impact of various factors (social, economic, managerial, technical) on Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0—functioning, widespread and various implications.

Prof. Dr. Radosław Wolniak
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Industry 4.0
  • Society 5.0
  • industrial management
  • service management
  • quality management
  • industrial economy
  • human resources

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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23 pages, 1336 KiB  
Article
The Aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Job Candidates’ Recruitment and Selection Processes in a Teal Organization
by Aneta Maria Pisarska and Joanna Iwko
Sustainability 2021, 13(23), 13175; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313175 - 28 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4649
Abstract
(1) Background: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept, which from its very beginning, has been dividing researchers and practicians into its supporters and opponents. The owners of some organizations can still see in it its great value and implement its premises, among [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept, which from its very beginning, has been dividing researchers and practicians into its supporters and opponents. The owners of some organizations can still see in it its great value and implement its premises, among other things, in the human resources management processes. (2) Methods: The aim of the research presented within this article was to define the aspects of CSR in the processes of recruitment and selection of candidates to work in the teal organization and the motifs of implementing the aspects of CSR into these processes. A qualitative research strategy was applied in order to achieve reliable research results, and a single embedded case study was used as a tool of this research. The research information was gathered with the use of the following research methods: interviews, analysis of the documents, and analysis of the audio–visual materials (video recordings). The research was carried out in one of the leading teal companies in Poland, Marco Company Ltd. (3) Results: In the organization being researched, the aspects of the teal organization were identified in ten elements of the job candidates’ recruitment and selection processes. They permeate the entire process of recruitment constituting its inherent feature. The inclusion of CSR aspects into the processes of the job candidates’ recruitment and selection allows the company to gain such candidates who will make up the unique organization culture in cooperation with other Marco Company employees and will also fulfil corporate fundamental vision and mission. (4) Conclusions: The processes realized within the analysed company, including those in the field of job candidates‘ recruitment and selection, are to create a socially responsible and timeless business as the foundation of the welfare of the customers, suppliers, employees, company partners and local society. In order to achieve this purpose, the company needs suitable people, and that is the reason why CSR aspects are already included in the process of job candidates’ recruitment and selection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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22 pages, 1494 KiB  
Article
Agency Barriers of the Members of Silesian Senior NGOs in the Implementation of Social Innovation (Poland)
by Piotr Weryński and Dorota Dolińska-Weryńska
Sustainability 2021, 13(7), 3734; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073734 - 26 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1776
Abstract
One of the main barriers when implementing social innovation deemed to be significant is the agency barrier. The purpose of this research is to diagnose the structurally conditioned and awareness agency barriers that occur during the implementation of social innovation in the selected [...] Read more.
One of the main barriers when implementing social innovation deemed to be significant is the agency barrier. The purpose of this research is to diagnose the structurally conditioned and awareness agency barriers that occur during the implementation of social innovation in the selected Silesian senior non-governmental organizations. It was assumed that, these days, an important parameter in determining agency is the digital competence possessed. Therefore, it is important to ascertain the level of digital competence of the examined non-governmental organization (NGO) leaders and members as the prosumers of social innovation, which determines the course of their innovative activities. The theoretical basis of research is Margaret Archer’s morphogenetic theory of structure and agency and her scheme of causal analysis. On this basis and using a qualitative analysis of data obtained during focus group interviews (FGIs) and computer-assisted web interviews (CAWIs) with the members of NGOs, a diagnosis is conducted concerning the occurrence of agency barriers in the processes of social innovation. It was found that the majority of respondents have the agency potential, knowledge, and competence to actively co-create Society 5.0. The obtained research results will allow educational and implementation projects (action research) to be carried out in the future that are adequate to the needs of this particular social group. At the theoretical level, the usefulness of the morphogenetic scheme was verified in a causal analysis to study the social agency of the members of senior NGOs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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16 pages, 1305 KiB  
Article
An Investigation upon Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 within the Context of Sustainable Development Goals
by Yunus Zengin, Serkan Naktiyok, Erdoğan Kaygın, Onur Kavak and Ethem Topçuoğlu
Sustainability 2021, 13(5), 2682; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052682 - 2 Mar 2021
Cited by 79 | Viewed by 11634
Abstract
In the literature, quite limited research exists on the subject of Society 5.0. The present study examined the existence of Society 5.0 and the effectiveness of Industry 4.0 and evaluated the efficiency of United Nations Development Goals (SDGs) in this process, especially in [...] Read more.
In the literature, quite limited research exists on the subject of Society 5.0. The present study examined the existence of Society 5.0 and the effectiveness of Industry 4.0 and evaluated the efficiency of United Nations Development Goals (SDGs) in this process, especially in Turkey. The research was carried out based on data obtained through a survey form with 30 questions which was conducted with 335 academicians working at Kafkas University. The data were analyzed by means of exploratory factor analysis with the SPSS program, confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS, and structural equation modeling with Smart PLS. The analysis results indicated that SDG9, SDG10, SDG11, SDG12, SDG13, and SDG14 had a low influence (i.e., R2: 0.172) on the application of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. Moreover, it was observed that the participants were heavily affected by order of the day and gave responses to the questions with that impact. The study also revealed that Turkey did not have a leading philosophy in the field of Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 and made progress by concentrating on out-dated processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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15 pages, 2271 KiB  
Article
The Digital Post Ecosystem—Example of Poland in the Context of Research
by Anna Drab-Kurowska and Agnieszka Budziewicz-Guźlecka
Sustainability 2021, 13(5), 2550; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052550 - 26 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2643
Abstract
Rapid technological changes have forced postal operators to adapt their services to the needs of the information society, exploit new business opportunities, and pay more attention to emerging and rapidly growing direct and indirect competition. The main goal of the article is to [...] Read more.
Rapid technological changes have forced postal operators to adapt their services to the needs of the information society, exploit new business opportunities, and pay more attention to emerging and rapidly growing direct and indirect competition. The main goal of the article is to provide an answer to the question Do we have to digitalize postal services? The objectives of the article are as follows: defining of the postal ecosystem concept; defining of postal e-services; developing an action proposal approach for the operator designated to create a digital ecosystem of the postal service. Therefore, it is necessary to survey postal operators regarding the digitalization of the economy and postal e-services. The survey should focus on individual customers, businesses and telecommunications market experts. The survey covered postal e-services supplied by the designated operator in Poland. Its assessment has been based on variables which have major impact on the perception of postal e-services. These variables include: scope of e-services, regulatory framework (security), competitiveness, telecommunications infrastructure, advancement of e-services, innovation level, and digital awareness and digital skills in the society. In order to meet these objectives, the article refers to the essence of the ecosystem as a solution to the research problem. Additionally, studies on postal e-services have been presented, which enable to develop an action proposal to strengthen the position of the postal operator in the postal ecosystem. The article is based on studies that use various research methods, such as critical analysis of scientific literature, synthesis and generalization, Delphi method, versatile benchmarking and graphic visualization. Additionally, findings of studies on e-services have been presented to cover the European Union, as well as solicit opinions of individual and business clients and telecommunications market experts in Poland. This enables to develop an action proposal designed to strengthen the position of the postal operator in the postal ecosystem. The study has delivered an answer to the research question. Thus, the authors can confirm that it is necessary to digitalize postal services. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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27 pages, 1321 KiB  
Article
Social Media Usage by Different Generations as a Tool for Sustainable Tourism Marketing in Society 5.0 Idea
by Beata Hysa, Aneta Karasek and Iwona Zdonek
Sustainability 2021, 13(3), 1018; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031018 - 20 Jan 2021
Cited by 95 | Viewed by 30845
Abstract
This article discusses the use of social media by different generations in destination marketing from a sustainable tourism perspective. In the light of the global COVID-19 pandemic, intensive marketing efforts and strategies to bring back sustainable tourism will soon become important. Social media [...] Read more.
This article discusses the use of social media by different generations in destination marketing from a sustainable tourism perspective. In the light of the global COVID-19 pandemic, intensive marketing efforts and strategies to bring back sustainable tourism will soon become important. Social media (SM) can significantly support the promotion of destinations by guaranteeing an appropriate number and type of tourists. The article examines the frequency of using social media by different generations and the scope of their use in planning a tourist trip. The research was conducted in Poland on a sample of 397 respondents representing the group of Baby Boomers (BB), as well as Generations X, Y, and Z. The results of the research showed that the frequency of using SM decreases with age. The differences between the generations are visible in such behaviours as using SM to check opinions about tourist places, recommending a holiday with positive opinions and comments in SM, as well as resigning from a holiday based on negative opinions and comments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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24 pages, 3185 KiB  
Article
How Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Ideas Shape the Open Data Performance Expectancy
by Anna Sołtysik-Piorunkiewicz and Iwona Zdonek
Sustainability 2021, 13(2), 917; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020917 - 18 Jan 2021
Cited by 51 | Viewed by 5206
Abstract
The open data (OD) performance expectancy is a critical factor for the user technology acceptance models for future implementation OD in Industry 4.0, and to have an impact in area of Society 5.0. The purpose of this article is identifying trends and key [...] Read more.
The open data (OD) performance expectancy is a critical factor for the user technology acceptance models for future implementation OD in Industry 4.0, and to have an impact in area of Society 5.0. The purpose of this article is identifying trends and key words (leading terms) in promoting ODs for their use in Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. We are also looking for leaders in Europe in promoting the use of OD in the context of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. The research methodology includes methods such as: analyses based on text mining, visualization techniques, and multidimensional cluster analyses with correlation analyses. The dataset covered 288 digital products and services based on OD. The timeframe covers the period January 2018–January 2020, and the research focuses on European issues. The research is focused on texts promoting the digital OD products and services, with the most popular being applications, websites and platforms. The main direction in presenting the benefits of their use is related to promoting them as tools to provide real time information on public issues, primarily in areas such as transport, education, culture and sport, economics and finance and health. The main types of OD are geodata and those specified as national and local. Additionally, the geographical area in Europe-dominating countries, and the key terms promoting product and services in context of OD performance expectancy in Western Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe, were found. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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25 pages, 2074 KiB  
Article
Impact of Resources on the Development of Local Entrepreneurship in Industry 4.0
by Paweł Kłobukowski and Jacek Pasieczny
Sustainability 2020, 12(24), 10272; https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410272 - 9 Dec 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3354
Abstract
The development of Industry 4.0 has a significant impact not only on production processes but also on the functioning and future of regions. It is crucial to understand the phenomena taking place in the social and economic space both from the cognitive and [...] Read more.
The development of Industry 4.0 has a significant impact not only on production processes but also on the functioning and future of regions. It is crucial to understand the phenomena taking place in the social and economic space both from the cognitive and practical point of view. The article is based on research which investigates the prospect of communes in the context of Industry 4.0 development. The aim of the article is to show possible consequences of the development of Industry 4.0 from the local perspective. The basic assumption is a positive impact of entrepreneurship on ensuring sustainable regional development. The model adopted is built on a resource-based view and includes both invariable, external and independent resources such as location, as well as those which are variable in the longer term, such as human and social capital. To verify most of the hypotheses, a linear regression model has been created. The results of the research show that there is a strong correlation between human capital, social capital, proximity of an agglomeration and tourist attractiveness of a region, and regional development operationalised by the number of enterprises. The article presents possible directions of changes in the profiles of local units, as well as the conditions which have to be met in order to enable such a transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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17 pages, 586 KiB  
Article
Open-Mindedness Culture, Knowledge-Sharing, Financial Performance, and Industry 4.0 in SMEs
by Anna Michna and Roman Kmieciak
Sustainability 2020, 12(21), 9041; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219041 - 30 Oct 2020
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 6174
Abstract
Due to limited resources, the implementation of Industry 4.0 solutions is a big challenge in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that facilitate such implementation. However, empirical research in this area is insufficient. The purpose of [...] Read more.
Due to limited resources, the implementation of Industry 4.0 solutions is a big challenge in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that facilitate such implementation. However, empirical research in this area is insufficient. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether open-mindedness culture, knowledge-sharing, and financial performance have a significant impact on willingness to implement Industry 4.0 in SMEs. To achieve the purpose of the article, quantitative research was conducted. Data from 562 Polish manufacturing SMEs were collected and analyses were performed using partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). The study results reveal that open-mindedness culture has both a direct and indirect (through knowledge sharing) impact on willingness to implement Industry 4.0 in SMEs. Results suggest that in terms of micro-enterprises, open-mindedness is more important and knowledge-sharing is less important for willingness to implement Industry 4.0 than in larger enterprises. Moreover, regardless of the company size, financial performance is positively related to willingness to implement Industry 4.0. The research results provide SME managers with guidelines on what activities within the company should be strengthened if the goal of the company is to implement Industry 4.0 solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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25 pages, 1512 KiB  
Article
Innovation Adoption: Empirical Analysis on the Example of Selected Factors of Organizational Culture in the IT Industry in Poland
by Józef Ober
Sustainability 2020, 12(20), 8630; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208630 - 18 Oct 2020
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 5056
Abstract
Positive adoption of innovation by staff is a current and crucial issue for proper operation of businesses, industry, and socio-economic environment. The article discusses variables affecting innovation adoption and analyses selected organisational culture factors in terms of their impact on innovation adoption in [...] Read more.
Positive adoption of innovation by staff is a current and crucial issue for proper operation of businesses, industry, and socio-economic environment. The article discusses variables affecting innovation adoption and analyses selected organisational culture factors in terms of their impact on innovation adoption in Polish IT companies. A novelty here is a study of their impact separately at each stage of innovation. The objective was to assess the perception of the impact of selected organisational culture factors on adoption of innovation by Polish IT industry staff at different stages. Due to the complexity of the different research aspects, a method triangulation strategy was used, combining survey techniques, desk research, expert opinions and statistical analysis. The survey used an original questionnaire called “The Process of Innovation Adoption and Perception” to examine opinions on 15 organisational culture factors in the context of innovation adoption. The research confirmed that selected organisational culture factors have a different impact on innovation adoption at different stages of innovation introduction in the Polish IT industry. On this basis, groups of factors perceived similarly in terms of innovation adoption at the individual stages were identified, forming guidelines for the proper implementation of innovation in Polish IT companies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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16 pages, 579 KiB  
Article
Determinants of the Relationship of Medical Service Entities in the Virtual Environment
by Justyna Matysiewicz and Sławomir Smyczek
Sustainability 2020, 12(18), 7780; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187780 - 21 Sep 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1893
Abstract
Introducing new technologies to the healthcare market provides unique opportunities for implementing a powerful framework of resources, tools, and applications that can revolutionize the ways in which medical units interact with their patients, as well as help deliver and manage medical services. The [...] Read more.
Introducing new technologies to the healthcare market provides unique opportunities for implementing a powerful framework of resources, tools, and applications that can revolutionize the ways in which medical units interact with their patients, as well as help deliver and manage medical services. The Internet of Services, as a new concept of Internet evaluation, depends not only on technological solutions but also on service innovations in the field of new value propositions where a patient-centered model is needed. Such a model would consider patient preferences, values, and the need for information as the leading characteristics of care. Patient and medical unit engagement is an essential prerequisite for the new value proposition development process. In this paper, we focus on the identification and analysis of the determinants responsible for the mutual engagement of patients and medical units. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe a relational model for the virtual healthcare service market. This study adopted a quantitative survey approach. The questionnaire was based on a three-factor model of consumer behavior, considering motivation, capacity, and opportunities. The relationships between patients and healthcare organizations will develop on the condition that the patients are properly motivated and have adequate abilities to become engaged in the relationships with health care providers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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15 pages, 864 KiB  
Article
The Importance of Spiritual Values in the Process of Managerial Decision-Making in the Enterprise
by Adam R. Szromek
Sustainability 2020, 12(13), 5423; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135423 - 5 Jul 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4153
Abstract
Making decisions in the enterprise is a complex process of choosing the optimal solution. A manager who makes decisions in the management process is guided by a set of managerial criteria and competencies. The manager’s competences are shaped in the process of education [...] Read more.
Making decisions in the enterprise is a complex process of choosing the optimal solution. A manager who makes decisions in the management process is guided by a set of managerial criteria and competencies. The manager’s competences are shaped in the process of education and experience acquisition. However, the manager also has its own system of values that can affect the decision-making process. The article presents the results of qualitative study carried out in 52 Polish enterprises, the managers of which declare that they uphold Christian values. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of Christian values on the cooperation with employees, competition, state administration, local community, contractors, and customers. The studies determine both the level of use of the professed values when it comes to enterprise management and the likelihood of the managers to promote Christian values that they uphold. The theoretical issues were based on the review of scientific literature on managerial competences, as well as management carried out on the basis of biblical principles and especially on management by gospel. The results of the research reveal strong engagement of Christian managers in the implementation of the professed values in the enterprise management and low engagement when it comes to promoting the Christian values they uphold. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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21 pages, 840 KiB  
Case Report
Method of Choice: A Fluorescent Penetrant Taking into Account Sustainability Criteria
by Andrzej Pacana, Dominika Siwiec and Lucia Bednárová
Sustainability 2020, 12(14), 5854; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145854 - 21 Jul 2020
Cited by 46 | Viewed by 3512
Abstract
To conduct, in an effective way, the non-destructive testing (NDT) of products—in particular, the fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI)—remains a challenge. Therefore, the aim of this work is to propose the method of support in the choice of a fluorescent penetrant to be used [...] Read more.
To conduct, in an effective way, the non-destructive testing (NDT) of products—in particular, the fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI)—remains a challenge. Therefore, the aim of this work is to propose the method of support in the choice of a fluorescent penetrant to be used in FPI research. In the results of the usage of the proposed procedure, it is demonstrated that it is possible to reduce the negative impacts on the environment by FPI processes (through sustainability), while including other criteria, i.e., financial, security, productive (Industry 4.0), and societal (Society 5.0) criteria. The essence of the proposed method is to integrate two methods of decision support. These were the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and the cost–quality analysis (AKJ). Using the AHP method, the quality level of fluorescent penetrant (to the satisfaction of the customer)—which included the sustainability criteria—are calculated. These criteria include natural environment, reactivity, combustibility, level of sensitivity, and type of washing (emulsification). Then, with the help of the AKJ, the most favorable penetrant—in terms of quality and cost—is calculated and, thus, indicated. This choice must include the concept of sustainable development. Therefore, this method can be used to choose fluorescent penetrants in manufacturing and service enterprises which carry out FPI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 Relations and Implications)
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