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Sustainable Modelling Approaches for Groundwater and Hydrogeologic Systems

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 782

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
Interests: groundwater resources; hydrogeology; geophysics; environmnetal earth sciences; geological model uncertainity; engineering geology; geomechnaics
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Guest Editor
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: groundwater hydrology; engineering geology; rock mechanics

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Guest Editor
Department of Earth Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Seeb, Oman
Interests: hydrogeology; geophysics; environmental earth sciences

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Groundwater plays a crucial role in sustaining global freshwater resources, providing essential support for ecosystems, agriculture, and human communities, particularly in areas with limited surface water availability. However, various pressures, such as population growth, climate change, land-use transformations, and increasing industrial demands, are exacerbating the challenges in managing this critical resource sustainably. As groundwater systems are complex and dynamic, effective management relies on accurate assessment and prediction, which necessitates advanced modeling approaches that incorporate hydrogeological, geophysical, geochemical, and socio-environmental factors.

This Special Issue aims to address these pressing challenges by advancing both knowledge and practical solutions for sustainable groundwater management. It seeks to showcase innovative modeling frameworks that integrate various disciplines, enabling a holistic understanding of groundwater systems. We invite contributions that explore a wide range of modeling techniques, including numerical models, empirical methods, data-driven approaches, and uncertainty quantification. A particular focus will be placed on models that tackle sustainability issues such as groundwater depletion, contamination, the impacts of climate change, managed aquifer recharge, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater systems.

The motivation behind this Special Issue is to foster interdisciplinary dialog and collaboration across fields to develop strategies that enhance the resilience and sustainability of groundwater resources. By highlighting cutting-edge research and applications, this Special Issue will contribute to advancing the state-of-the-art in groundwater and hydrogeological modeling, with the ultimate goal of promoting resource efficiency, climate adaptation, and long-term sustainability in groundwater management.

Dr. Muhammad Hasan
Dr. Yanjun Shang
Dr. Mohammad Younis Khan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • groundwater sustainability
  • hydrogeologic modeling
  • groundwater–surface water interaction
  • geophysical and numerical approaches
  • uncertainty and risk assessment
  • managed aquifer recharge
  • climate change adaptation
  • groundwater contamination and remediation
  • data-driven and machine learning models
  • integrated water resources management

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 2999 KB  
Article
A Novel Geophysical Approach for 2D/3D Fresh-Saline Water Assessment Toward Sustainable Groundwater Monitoring
by Fei Yang, Muhammad Hasan and Yanjun Shang
Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010517 - 4 Jan 2026
Viewed by 549
Abstract
Saline water intrusion poses a major threat to groundwater security in arid and semi-arid regions, reducing freshwater availability and challenging sustainable water resource management. Accurate delineation of the fresh-saline water interface is therefore essential; however, conventional hydrochemical and laboratory-based assessments remain costly, invasive, [...] Read more.
Saline water intrusion poses a major threat to groundwater security in arid and semi-arid regions, reducing freshwater availability and challenging sustainable water resource management. Accurate delineation of the fresh-saline water interface is therefore essential; however, conventional hydrochemical and laboratory-based assessments remain costly, invasive, and spatially limited. Resistivity methods have long been used to infer subsurface salinity, as low resistivity typically reflects clay-rich saline water and higher resistivity reflects freshwater-bearing sand or gravel. Yet, resistivity values for similar lithologies frequently overlap, causing ambiguity in distinguishing fresh and saline aquifers. To overcome this limitation, Dar–Zarrouk (D–Z) parameters are often applied to enhance hydrogeophysical discrimination, but previous studies have relied exclusively on one-dimensional (1D) D–Z derivations using vertical electrical sounding (VES), which cannot resolve the lateral complexity of alluvial aquifers. This study presents the first application of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to derive two- and three-dimensional D–Z parameters for detailed mapping of the fresh-saline water interface in the alluvial aquifers of Punjab, Pakistan. ERT provides non-invasive, continuous, and high-resolution subsurface imaging, enabling volumetric assessment of aquifer electrical properties and salinity structure. The resulting 2D/3D models reveal the geometry, depth, and spatial continuity of salinity transitions with far greater clarity than VES-based or purely hydrochemical methods. Physicochemical analyses from boreholes along the ERT profiles independently verify the geophysical interpretations. The findings demonstrate that ERT-derived 2D/3D D–Z modeling offers a cost-effective, scalable, and significantly more accurate framework for assessing fresh-saline water boundaries. This approach provides a transformative pathway for sustainable groundwater monitoring, improved well siting, and long-term aquifer protection in salinity-stressed alluvial regions. Full article
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