Applied Biomechanics, Ergonomics and Physiology for Enhanced Sport Performance and Training Optimization

A special issue of Sports (ISSN 2075-4663).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2027 | Viewed by 1126

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
Interests: industrial design methods; computer-aided design; virtual prototyping; human factors and ergonomics; comfort assessment; design for ergonomics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optimizing athletic performance today requires an integrated understanding of biomechanics, ergonomics, and physiological responses during sport-specific movements. Athletes at all competitive levels are increasingly exposed to complex mechanical loads, repetitive actions, and sustained postural demands, not only during their performances but also in preparatory and auxiliary training tasks. These conditions make it crucial to investigate physical strain, fatigue mechanisms, and neuromuscular responses through both quantitative and qualitative approaches.

Given this, the aim of this Special Issue is to collect cutting-edge research exploring how applied biomechanics, ergonomics, and human physiology can support performance enhancement, injury prevention, and training optimization in sport. Submissions may include experimental studies, computational simulations, wearable-sensor-based monitoring, laboratory investigations, and field assessments. We particularly welcome interdisciplinary contributions that combine rigorous physical analysis with physiological monitoring, subjective perception metrics, digital human modeling, and emerging technologies for athlete assessment.

Key topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Biomechanical analysis of sport-specific techniques, repetitive movements, and extreme postures;
  • Ergonomics in sports practice, equipment interaction, and sport-task design;
  • Integration of objective biomechanical and physiological data with subjective discomfort perception for comprehensive ergonomic assessment and athlete-centered interventions;
  • Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation for identifying overuse risks and optimizing motion;
  • Sensor-based motion capture and wearable technology for real-time athlete monitoring;
  • Anthropometric influences on performance and individualized training adaptation;
  • Risk factors and injury prevention strategies in high-demand sport environments;
  • Digital tools and AI-based analysis for training support and technique evaluation;
  • Immersive simulation in VR/AR/MR for skill training, motor-pattern refinement, and feedback-driven performance enhancement;
  • Out-of-field experimental reproduction of sport gestures in virtual environments and validation through comparison with real-world biomechanical and physiological data;
  • Athlete-centered design of practical solutions for improving athlete performances and avoiding MSDs (musculoskeletal disorders).

While the traditional sport science literature has extensively examined biomechanical and physiological determinants of performance, few studies have integrated ergonomic perspectives, perceptual feedback, and immersive XR-based simulation frameworks and their validation in real-world data. Thus, the aim of this Special Issue is to bridge this gap by connecting laboratory experimentation, field-based measurement, and virtual performance environments to advance methodological rigor, translational relevance, and practical adoption in sport science. The aim is to foster evidence-based approaches that enhance performance, guide physiological training strategies, reduce injury incidence, and support long-term athlete development across all competitive levels.

We warmly invite original studies, systematic reviews, and methodological contributions that advance the integration of biomechanics, physiology, ergonomics, and immersive simulation in sport science.

Dr. Rosaria Califano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sports is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ergonomics
  • physiology
  • discomfort
  • digital human modeling/simulation
  • kinematics
  • muscular activation
  • extended reality
  • fatigue
  • training optimization
  • athlete-centered design

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 3652 KB  
Article
Musculoskeletal and Ergonomic Demands of the Pumping Maneuver in Laser-Class Sailing: An Integrated Biomechanical Analysis
by Carlotta Fontana, Nicola Laiola, Alessandro Naddeo and Rosaria Califano
Sports 2026, 14(3), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports14030113 - 13 Mar 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 619
Abstract
Background: Pumping in Laser-class sailing is a dynamic propulsion technique used in marginal wind conditions and characterized by repetitive, coordinated oscillations of the sailor–sail system. Despite its practical relevance, its biomechanical and ergonomic demands remain insufficiently characterized. Methods: A mixed-methods framework was applied [...] Read more.
Background: Pumping in Laser-class sailing is a dynamic propulsion technique used in marginal wind conditions and characterized by repetitive, coordinated oscillations of the sailor–sail system. Despite its practical relevance, its biomechanical and ergonomic demands remain insufficiently characterized. Methods: A mixed-methods framework was applied combining questionnaire data, kinematic analysis, ergonomic assessment, and musculoskeletal modelling. Thirty-six competitive Laser sailors completed a Borg CR-10-based questionnaire on perceived discomfort/fatigue across body regions at predefined time points (during pumping, immediately after training, and the following day). A controlled land-based multi-angle video acquisition was used to reconstruct a standardized pumping posture and parameterize a digital human model in DELMIA® for postural/kinematic analysis. Ergonomic risk was assessed using REBA, and muscle activity was estimated using the AnyBody® Modeling System (simulation-derived normalized muscle activity across 129 muscles). Results: the simulation identified high neuromuscular demand in the trunk and shoulder complex, with several deep trunk stabilizers and the left latissimus dorsi reaching 100% modeled normalized muscle activity. Marked lateral asymmetry was observed, with right-sided trunk dominance and left-sided shoulder dominance. Kinematic analysis showed substantial joint excursions, with large lumbar motion amplitudes, while REBA yielded a score of 11 (Very-High Risk). Questionnaire data indicated a high prevalence of pumping-related musculoskeletal discomfort (72.2%), most frequently involving the lower back, shoulders, and knees. A dissociation was observed between modeled muscle activity and perceived fatigue, with the lower limbs rated as most fatigued despite lower modeled activation than the trunk. Conclusions: Findings identify the deep trunk stabilizers, latissimus dorsi, and lower extremities as key regions involved in pumping, with marked lateral asymmetry and high ergonomic risk. They support targeted training, injury-prevention, and ergonomic strategies to improve performance and reduce injury risk in competitive sailing. Full article
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