Pathways to Healthy Outcomes: Physical Literacy and Training for Adolescents

A special issue of Sports (ISSN 2075-4663).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 October 2025) | Viewed by 3761

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Education, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
Interests: physical activity; physical education; fitness; mental health; cognition; adolescent

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Promoting lifelong health begins with the development of physical literacy during childhood and adolescence, an essential foundation for sustained wellbeing. Physical literacy involves not only engaging in sports but also cultivating the knowledge, confidence, and motivation necessary for continuous participation in physical activities. This developmental phase is crucial for forming habits that yield healthy outcomes, including reduced risk of chronic diseases and enhanced mental wellbeing.

Training programs targeting adolescents aim to develop fundamental movement skills, which serve as the groundwork for more complex activities and sports. By exposing young individuals to a diverse array of physical activities, they can continue to participate in a range of activities that encourage sustained engagement.

Educators and coaches are integral to this process, tasked with fostering supportive and inclusive environments. Their role involves promoting understanding of the benefits of physical activity and reinforcing adolescents’ confidence and motivation through positive reinforcement. This approach aligns with fostering immediate and long-term developmental outcomes by focusing on the activities they engage in, the social dynamics involved, and the organisational settings provided. By prioritising physical literacy, we equip adolescents with the skills needed for healthier futures, ensuring they lead active lives and make informed choices concerning their wellbeing.

Dr. Sarah Costigan
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • physical literacy
  • physical activity
  • adolescents
  • lifelong physical activity
  • fundamental movement skills
  • sport
  • exercise
  • training programs
  • motivation
  • wellbeing

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1432 KB  
Article
Can Recreational Soccer Improve Physical Literacy Dimensions Among Adolescents with High Cardiometabolic Risk?
by Gustavo Pavez-Adasme, Juan Párraga-Montilla, Cristián Martínez-Salazar, Marcelo Castillo-Retamal, Pedro Latorre-Román and Nicolás Gómez-Álvarez
Sports 2025, 13(12), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13120423 - 2 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 711
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze whether recreational soccer, through small-sided and traditional soccer formats, can promote improvements in different dimensions of physical literacy among adolescents with high cardiometabolic risk. Methodology. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with two experimental conditions (small-sided soccer games [...] Read more.
This study aimed to analyze whether recreational soccer, through small-sided and traditional soccer formats, can promote improvements in different dimensions of physical literacy among adolescents with high cardiometabolic risk. Methodology. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with two experimental conditions (small-sided soccer games and traditional soccer) and one control condition. A total of 51 male adolescents aged 11–15 years with high cardiometabolic risk participated in the study. A model including three dimensions of physical literacy was established: physical, psychological, and cognitive dimensions. Data were standardized using z-scores to allow variable weighting within the model, and effect sizes and ANCOVA were used for inter- and intragroup comparisons. Results. The overall effect on physical literacy was small (ES: 0.31). The small-sided soccer group showed better results in the physical and psychological dimensions. The per-protocol analysis showed small effects in the high-adherence groups (ES = 0.43 and 0.38) and significant within-group differences; however, the post hoc analyses only revealed trends when compared with the low-adherence groups. Conclusions. Recreational soccer, whether in SSG or TSG formats, was insufficient to elicit significant improvements in physical literacy among adolescents with high cardiometabolic risk. Participants with higher adherence showed better outcomes, with SSG showing a clear tendency toward greater improvements in the physical and psychological domains. Full article
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10 pages, 213 KB  
Article
Motivational Determinants of Recreational Padel Participation: A Comparative Analysis Across Age and Gender
by Zlatan Bilić, Petar Barbaros, Vedran Dukarić, Tea Lovreković and Lidija Petrinović
Sports 2025, 13(11), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13110377 - 3 Nov 2025
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the differences in motivation when playing recreational padel regarding gender and age. The sample included 201 respondents (M = 131, F = 70) with an average age of 31 ± 7.07 years. Data was collected [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to examine the differences in motivation when playing recreational padel regarding gender and age. The sample included 201 respondents (M = 131, F = 70) with an average age of 31 ± 7.07 years. Data was collected online via the Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) questionnaire. Spearman correlation presented the highest correlation between intrinsic and introjected (r = 0.658) motivation forms. Furthermore, results were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. The results showed a statistically significant difference in motivation between men and women exclusively in the dimension of introjected regulation (M = 107.54, F = 88.76; p = 0.03), while no difference was found in the other dimensions. Also, introjected regulation was found to have the highest impact on differences across age (18–30 yr = 94.39; 31–50 yr = 110.59; p = 0.05). The research shows that padel as a recreational activity has a similar motivational effect on different age and gender groups, apart from introjected regulation, where men show higher results. Overall, the motivation to engage in padel largely depends on personal interests, enjoyment and perceived benefits, while gender and age have a limited influence, which coincides with some of the previous literature. Since research on motivation in the context of padel is still rare, this research contributes to the understanding of the factors that influence recreational engagement in this sport. Full article
16 pages, 1333 KB  
Article
Enhancing Fundamental Movement Competency in Rural Middle School Children Through a Strength Training Intervention: A Feasibility Study
by Janelle M. Goss, Janette M. Watkins, Megan M. Kwaiser, Andrew M. Medellin, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Autumn P. Schigur, James M. Hobson, Vanessa M. Martinez Kercher and Kyle A. Kercher
Sports 2025, 13(7), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13070200 - 22 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1298
Abstract
Background: Fundamental movement skills (FMS)—including muscular strength, endurance, and mobility—are linked to better health-related quality of life and higher physical activity in children. Rural children often score lower on FMS tests than urban peers due to resource limitations rather than ability. Thus, [...] Read more.
Background: Fundamental movement skills (FMS)—including muscular strength, endurance, and mobility—are linked to better health-related quality of life and higher physical activity in children. Rural children often score lower on FMS tests than urban peers due to resource limitations rather than ability. Thus, increasing access to FMS activities in under-resourced rural areas is essential. The primary objective was to test the feasibility of Hoosier Strength in a rural middle school sample, and the secondary objective was to observe the preliminary changes in FMS-related outcomes pre- to post-intervention and at follow-up. The exploratory objective was to explore how participants responded to different coaches on the Hoosier Strength coaching team (i.e., gender, coaching style during activities). Methods: This study used a Hybrid Type 3 design to evaluate feasibility and FMS outcomes, integrating qualitative and quantitative data. The four-week intervention included a test group (n = 24; 14 females, 10 males; mean age: females 12.4 ± 0.5 years, males 12.7 ± 0.4 years) and a control group (n = 12; 8 females, 4 males; mean age: females 12.9 ± 0.3 years, males 12.7 ± 0.3 years). Data analysis included descriptive statistics for feasibility indicators (Acceptability of Intervention Measures [AIM], Intervention Appropriateness Measure [IAM], and Feasibility of Intervention Measure [FIM]), linear regression for mobility and muscular endurance changes, t-tests for psychological need satisfaction and frustration, and regression analysis for squat knowledge and post-intervention confidence. Results: (1) There was high feasibility across the 4-week Hoosier Strength intervention and at follow-up; (2) there were no statistically significant changes in squat performance; (3) participants’ confidence in their ability to squat at the end of the intervention was significantly predicted by their squat knowledge at baseline; and (4) participants prioritized leadership and team management over tactical analysis, highlighting a preference for coaches who foster teamwork. Conclusions: The findings offer a transparent approach for evaluating the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of the Hoosier Strength intervention in an under-resourced rural middle school, thereby encouraging further investigation into strength training interventions in rural schools. Full article
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