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Nonlinear Control with Applications to Energy Systems

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 10001

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Sridhar Seshagiri

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Guest Editor

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
Interests: nonlinear control; adaptive approximation based control; applications to machines/drives; renewable energy technologies (photovoltaics, wind energy systems and microgrids)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past few years, nonlinear control systems have experienced a growing popularity, and these developments are motivated by extensive applications, particularly in such areas as energy systems, electrical systems, mechanical systems and aircraft flight control systems. A number of new ideas, approaches, and results have appeared in the field of nonlinear control systems.

The field of nonlinear control systems has a bright future, since there are many important and interesting challenges. The applications of nonlinear control to energy, health care, robotics, biology, and big data research will advance the state-of-the-art in theory as well as technology adoption. We hope that the readers of system theory will find interesting research topics for nonlinear control systems in this Special Issue.

This Special Issue aims to highlight advances in nonlinear control with applications to energy systems. Topics include, but are not limited to:

Hierarchical control of distributed systems;
Model predictive control in energy conversion systems and grid integration;
Distributed control and efficient optimization;
Multi-agent control of smart grids;
Distributed state estimation for smart grid systems;
Intelligent microgrids;
Control of energy storage, integration of second-life batteries (SLBs);
Machine learning and artificial neural networks, data-driven optimization, and flexible forecasting.

Prof. Sridhar Seshagiri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2774 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cross-Coupled Sliding Mode Synchronous Control for a Double Lifting Point Hydraulic Hoist

by Chungeng Sun, Xiangxiang Dong and Jipeng Li

Sensors 2023, 23(23), 9387; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239387 - 24 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 746

Abstract

This paper proposes a sliding mode synchronous control approach to enhance the position synchronization performance and anti-interference capability of a double lifting point hydraulic hoist. Building upon the cross-coupling synchronous control method, a coupling sliding mode surface is formulated, incorporating the single-cylinder following error and double-cylinder synchronization error. Additionally, a sliding mode synchronous controller is devised to ensure the convergence of both the single-cylinder following and synchronization error. The hyperbolic tangent function is introduced to reduce the single-cylinder following error and the buffeting of the double-cylinder synchronization error curve under sliding mode synchronous control. The simulation results show that the synchronization accuracy of the sliding mode cross-coupling synchronization control in the initial stage of the system is 53.1% higher than that of the Proportional-Derivative (PD) cross-coupling synchronization, and the synchronization accuracy in the steady state of the system is improved by 90%. The designed synchronous controller has better performance under external disturbances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Control with Applications to Energy Systems)

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19 pages, 8897 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adaptive Second-Order Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Controller with a Disturbance Observer for Electronic Throttle Valves

by Yinkai Feng, Yun Long, Chong Yao and Enzhe Song

Sensors 2023, 23(18), 7676; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23187676 - 5 Sep 2023

Viewed by 892

Abstract

In order to enhance the precision and speed of control for electronic throttle valves (ETVs) in the face of disturbance and parameter uncertainties, an adaptive second-order fixed-time sliding mode (ASOFxTSM) controller is developed, along with disturbance observer compensation techniques. Initially, a control-oriented model specifically considering lumped disturbances within the ETV is established. Secondly, to address the contradiction between fast response and heavy chattering of conventional fixed-time sliding mode, a hierarchical sliding surface approach is introduced. This approach proficiently alleviates chattering effects while preserving the fixed convergence properties of the controller. Furthermore, to enhance the anti-disturbance performance of the ETV control system, an innovative fixed-time sliding mode observer is incorporated to estimate lumped disturbances and apply them as a feed-forward compensation term to the ASOFxTSM controller output. Building upon this, a parameter adaptive mechanism is introduced to optimize control gains. Subsequently, a rigorous stability proof is conducted, accompanied by the derivation of the expression for system convergence time. Finally, a comparison is drawn between the proposed controller and fixed-time sliding mode and super-twisting controllers through simulations and experiments. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of chattering suppression, rapid dynamic response, and disturbance rejection capability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Control with Applications to Energy Systems)

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19 pages, 9753 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Bench for Simulation of Catenary–Pantograph Interaction (CPI) with Linear Camera Measurement

by Antonio Correcher, Carlos Ricolfe-Viala, Manuel Tur, Santiago Gregori, Mario Salvador-Muñoz, F. Javier Fuenmayor, Jaime Gil and Ana M. Pedrosa

Sensors 2023, 23(4), 1773; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041773 - 4 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1955

Abstract

Catenary–pantograph contact force is generally used for assessment of the current collection quality. A good current collection quality not only increases catenary lifetime but also keeps a stable electric supply and helps to avoid accidents. Low contact forces lead to electric arcs that degrade the catenary, and high contact forces generate excessive wear on the sliding surfaces. Railway track operators require track tests to ensure that catenary–pantograph force remains between safe values. However, a direct measure of the contact force requires an instrumented pantograph which is generally costly and complicated. This paper presents a test bench that allows testing virtual catenaries over real pantographs. Therefore, the contact point force behavior can be tested before the track test to guarantee that the test is passed. Moreover, due to its flexibility, the system can be used for model identification and validation, catenary testing, or contact loss simulation. The test bench also explores using computer vision as an additional sensor for each application. Results show that the system has high precision and flexibility in the available tests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Control with Applications to Energy Systems)

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17 pages, 2878 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Switched-Delay Smith Predictor for the Control of Plants with Response-Delay Asymmetry

by Algirdas Baskys

Sensors 2023, 23(1), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010258 - 27 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1902

Abstract

The modification of a Smith predictor for the control of plants with response-delay asymmetry has been proposed. It was developed for application in frequency converters for the control of the speed of the AC induction motor drives of pumps used in water- and liquefied-petroleum-gas-supply systems. Such plants are characterized by long response delays, and often these delays are asymmetric, i.e., the response delay to the rising and falling plant-control signal is different. A distinctive feature of the proposed modification is that the value of the response delay in the model of the plant used for the realization of the Smith predictor is switched. The operation of the proposed switched-delay Smith predictor, which was used with the proportional-integral controller, was analyzed using a simulation and experimentally in a real water-supply system. The obtained results prove an advantage of the suggested solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Control with Applications to Energy Systems)

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38 pages, 2174 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sensor Fault-Tolerant Control of Microgrid Using Robust Sliding-Mode Observer

by Ebrahim Shahzad, Adnan Umar Khan, Muhammad Iqbal, Ahmad Saeed, Ghulam Hafeez, Athar Waseem, Fahad R. Albogamy and Zahid Ullah

Sensors 2022, 22(7), 2524; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072524 - 25 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2429

Abstract

This work investigates sensor fault diagnostics and fault-tolerant control for a voltage source converter based microgrid (model) using a sliding-mode observer. It aims to provide a diagnosis of multiple faults (i.e., magnitude, phase, and harmonics) occurring simultaneously or individually in current/potential transformers. A modified algorithm based on convex optimization is used to determine the gains of the sliding-mode observer, which utilizes the feasibility optimization or trace minimization of a Ricatti equation-based modification of H-Infinity (

H \infty

) constrained linear matrix inequalities. The fault and disturbance estimation method is modified and improved with some corrections in previous works. The stability and finite-time reachability of the observers are also presented for the considered faulty and perturbed microgrid system. A proportional-integral (PI) based control is utilized for the conventional regulations required for frequency and voltage sags occurring in a microgrid. However, the same control block features fault-tolerant control (FTC) functionality. It is attained by incorporating a sliding-mode observer to reconstruct the faults of sensors (transformers), which are fed to the control block after correction. Simulation-based analysis is performed by presenting the results of state/output estimation, state/output estimation errors, fault reconstruction, estimated disturbances, and fault-tolerant control performance. Simulations are performed for sinusoidal, constant, linearly increasing, intermittent, sawtooth, and random sort of often occurring sensor faults. However, this paper includes results for the sinusoidal nature voltage/current sensor (transformer) fault and a linearly increasing type of fault, whereas the remaining results are part of the supplementary data file. The comparison analysis is performed in terms of observer gains being estimated by previously used techniques as compared to the proposed modified approach. It also includes the comparison of the voltage-frequency control implemented with and without the incorporation of the used observer based fault estimation and corrections, in the control block. The faults here are considered for voltage/current sensor transformers, but the approach works for a wide range of sensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Control with Applications to Energy Systems)

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22 pages, 7282 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Time Scale Trading Simulation of Source Grid Load Storage Based on Continuous Trading Mechanism for China

by Xun Dou, Li Song, Shengnan Zhang, Lulu Ding, Ping Shao and Xiaojun Cao

Sensors 2022, 22(6), 2363; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062363 - 18 Mar 2022

Viewed by 1252

Abstract

The proportion of new energy in power systems is increasing yearly. How to deal with the adverse impact of new energy output uncertainty on its participation in trading from the mechanism level is an urgent problem in China that must be solved. A source grid load storage (SGLS) continuous trading mechanism and a multi-time scale trading simulation method are proposed which meet the needs of Chinese new energy consumption and satisfies the trading needs of Chinese power market players. Firstly, the connection mechanism of mid-long term, day-ahead, and intra-day SGLS interactive trading is established, and the meaning and ways of continuous development are defined. Secondly, the clearing model of SGLS trading based on the continuous trading mechanism is established to provide mathematical models and strategic methods for various resources to participate in SGLS trading. Then, the multi-time scale trading simulation of SGLS based on the continuous trading mechanism is carried out to obtain the trading strategies of different trading subjects. The example results show that compared with the trading mechanism based on deviation assessment, the one-day trading cost is reduced by 4.20% and the consumption rate of new energy is increased by 6.53%. It can be seen that the mid-long term–day-ahead–day SGLS interactive trading connection mechanism has advantages in reducing trading costs and improving the consumption rate of new energy. It can flexibly deal with the trading scenario of domestic new energy consumption and new energy reverse peak shaving, which has an effect on the adverse impact of trading and operation deviation caused by source load uncertainty on trading. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Control with Applications to Energy Systems)

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