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Development and Challenges of Indoor Positioning and Localization

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Navigation and Positioning".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 February 2026 | Viewed by 1120

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Electronics Department, Polytechnical School, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
Interests: ultrasonic indoor positioning systems; sequence design; ambient intelligence for independent living
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Electronics Department, Polytechnical School, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
Interests: optical indoor positioning systems; localization algorithms; machine learning techniques; sensor fusion

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Multidisciplinario para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Productivo y Social de la Cuenca Golfo San Jorge, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
Interests: indoor positioning systems; underwater positioning systems; sequence design; localization algorithms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Indoor positioning and localization have become essential for various applications, including smart buildings, robotics, healthcare, or logistics. Unlike outdoor positioning systems such as GPS, indoor environments present unique challenges due to multipath interference, signal attenuation, and complex spatial constraints. This Special Issue will explore the latest advancements in indoor positioning technologies, including signal-based methods (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, UWB, RFID, acoustic, optical, etc.), vision-based approaches, sensor fusion, and machine learning techniques. Additionally, we seek to address key challenges such as accuracy, scalability, energy efficiency, pervasive and non-invasive methods and privacy concerns. Contributions may include theoretical developments, experimental results, novel algorithms, and real-world applications. We invite researchers and industry experts to submit original research papers, reviews, and case studies that advance the field of indoor positioning and localization.

Dr. María Del Carmen Pérez-Rubio
Dr. Elena Aparicio Esteve
Prof. Dr. Carlos De Marziani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • indoor positioning systems (IPSs)
  • localization algorithms
  • sensor fusion
  • Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, UWB, and RFID-based positioning
  • vision-based localization, infrared, magnetic, and ultrasound
  • machine learning for indoor localization
  • accuracy and error mitigation
  • real-world applications

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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49 pages, 1236 KB  
Systematic Review
From Fingerprinting to Advanced Machine Learning: A Systematic Review of Wi-Fi and BLE-Based Indoor Positioning Systems
by Sara Martín-Frechina, Esther Dura, Ignacio Miralles and Joaquín Torres-Sospedra
Sensors 2025, 25(22), 6946; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25226946 - 13 Nov 2025
Viewed by 722
Abstract
The Indoor Positioning System (IPS) is used to locate devices and people in smart environments. In recent years, position determination methods have evolved from simple Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements to more advanced approaches such as Channel State Information (CSI), Round Trip [...] Read more.
The Indoor Positioning System (IPS) is used to locate devices and people in smart environments. In recent years, position determination methods have evolved from simple Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements to more advanced approaches such as Channel State Information (CSI), Round Trip Time (RTT), and Angle of Arrival (AoA), increasingly combined with Machine Learning (ML). This article presents a systematic review of the literature on ML-based IPS using IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), including studies published between 2020 and 2024 under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyse (PRISMA) methodology. This study examines the techniques used to collect measurements and the ML models used, and discusses the growing use of Deep Learning (DL) approaches. This review identifies some challenges that remain for the implementation of these systems, such as environmental variability, device heterogeneity, and the need for calibration. Future research should expand ML applications to RTT and AoA, explore hybrid multimetric systems, and design lightweight, adaptive DL models. Advances in wireless standards and emerging technologies are also expected to further enhance accuracy and scalability in next-generation IPS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Challenges of Indoor Positioning and Localization)
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