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Sensing and Probing by Acoustic Fields: Principles, Operation and Technology of Piezoelectric Sensors and Transducers

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 8970

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, Via Cineto Romano 42, 00156 Rome, Italy
Interests: wave propagation; acoustics; ultrasonics surface acoustic waves; device development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acoustic wave sensors have gained huge attention over the last years thanks to the highly interesting possibilities in terms of their sensitivity to a number of different parameters in both gaseous and liquid environments, and are currently used in a wide range of fields including physical, chemical, and bio-sensing. Many acoustic wave sensors for research in biological and materials sciences are commercially available today.

However, despite the great interest in acoustic wave sensors, the fundamental science underlying the interaction of acoustic waves with the external stimulus to be tested remains to be fully explained. Their acoustic wave sensors’ design and fabrication require specific knowledge of the basic characteristics of the acoustic waves and sensing mechanisms involved.

Contributions in both theoretical and applied works are welcome, together with review articles on specific subjects within the scope of the Issue. Potential topics include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following:

  • Basic principles of the operation of acoustic wave devices for sensing applications
  • Design techniques for BAWs, SAWs, SHSAWs, SHAPMs, and Lamb mode sensors
  • Working mechanisms
  • Technology
  • Modeling of acoustic wave interactions with the external stimulus to be detected
  • Lab‐on‐chips utilizing acoustic wave devices 

Dr. Cinzia Caliendo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 8346 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Very Low Frequency Sound Propagation in Full Waveguides of Shallow Water
by Nansong Li, Hanhao Zhu, Xiaohan Wang, Rui Xiao, Yangyang Xue and Guangxue Zheng
Sensors 2021, 21(1), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010192 - 30 Dec 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2219
Abstract
This work is concerned with the characteristics of very low frequency sound propagation (VLF, ≤100 Hz) in the shallow marine environment. Under these conditions, the classical hypothesis of considering the sea bottom as a fluid environment is no longer appropriate, and the sound [...] Read more.
This work is concerned with the characteristics of very low frequency sound propagation (VLF, ≤100 Hz) in the shallow marine environment. Under these conditions, the classical hypothesis of considering the sea bottom as a fluid environment is no longer appropriate, and the sound propagation characteristics at the sea bottom should be also considered. Hence, based on the finite element method (FEM), and setting the sea bottom as an elastic medium, a proposed model which unifies the sea water and sea bottom is established, and the propagation characteristics in full waveguides of shallow water can be synchronously discussed. Using this model, the effects of the sea bottom topography and the various geoacoustic parameters on VLF sound propagation and its corresponding mechanisms are investigated through numerical examples and acoustic theory. The simulation results demonstrate the adaptability of the proposed model to complex shallow water waveguides and the accuracy of the calculated acoustic field. For the sea bottom topography, the greater the inclination angle of an up-sloping sea bottom, the stronger the leak of acoustic energy to the sea bottom, and the more rapid the attenuation of the acoustic energy in sea water. The effect of a down-sloping sea bottom on acoustic energy is the opposite. Moreover, the greater the pressure wave (P-wave) speed in the sea bottom, the more acoustic energy remains in the water rather than leaking into the bottom; the influence laws of the density and the shear wave (S-wave) speed in the sea bottom are opposite. Full article
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Review

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19 pages, 3457 KiB  
Review
Parametric Acoustic Array and Its Application in Underwater Acoustic Engineering
by Hanyun Zhou, S.H. Huang and Wei Li
Sensors 2020, 20(7), 2148; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072148 - 10 Apr 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 6307
Abstract
As a sound transmitting device based on the nonlinear acoustic theory, parametric acoustic array (PAA) is able to generate high directivity and low frequency broadband signals with a small aperture transducer. Due to its predominant technical advantages, PAA has been widely used in [...] Read more.
As a sound transmitting device based on the nonlinear acoustic theory, parametric acoustic array (PAA) is able to generate high directivity and low frequency broadband signals with a small aperture transducer. Due to its predominant technical advantages, PAA has been widely used in a variety of application scenarios of underwater acoustic engineering, such as sub-bottom profile measurement, underwater acoustic communication, and detection of buried targets. In this review paper, we examine some of the important advances in the PAA since it was first proposed by Westervelt in 1963. These advances include theoretical modelling for the PAA, signal processing methods, design considerations and implementation issues, and applications of the PAA in underwater acoustic engineering. Moreover, we highlight some technical challenges which impede further development of the PAA, and correspondingly give a glimpse on its possible extension in the future. This article provides a comprehensive overview of some important works of the PAA and serves as a quick tutorial reference to readers who are interested to further explore and extend this technology, and bring this technology to other application areas. Full article
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