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Next-Generation X-Ray Detection and Imaging Materials and Devices

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Sensing and Imaging".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 1388

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
Interests: X-ray detection; X-ray imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

X-ray detection is becoming increasingly important in modern society due to the growing need to look deep into materials, both animate and inanimate, with high spatiotemporal resolution and at minimal radiation doses. This calls for a material change in current X-ray detectors; however, advances in this regard stagnated for decades until halide perovskites and luminescent metal halides entered the conversation. Thanks to the fascinating optoelectronic properties encoded in their unprecedentedly diverse crystal structures, luminescent metal halides and halide perovskites have demonstrated a great potential to revolutionize current X-ray detection and imaging technologies.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a valuable platform to present recent edge-cutting achievements made in material and device innovation for advanced X-ray detection and imaging. This Special Issue welcomes both research and review articles, particularly those covering the following topics:

  • The design and synthesis of X-ray detection materials in various forms;
  • Light management for scintillator-based indirect-conversion X-ray detectors;
  • Device physics in semiconductor-based direct-conversion X-ray detectors;
  • High-performing radiation dosimeters;
  • Optical/electronic readout-integrated multipixel X-ray imagers;
  • Advanced algorithms for 3D X-ray image reconstruction;
  • Demonstration of multi-scenario X-ray detection and imaging.

Prof. Dr. Xiuwen Xu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • luminescent metal halides
  • halide perovskites
  • dosimeters
  • flat-panel X-ray imagers
  • 3D X-ray image reconstruction
  • multi-scenario X-ray detection and imaging

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 2114 KB  
Article
CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Single-Crystal X-Ray Photon-Counting Detection Based on Multi-Layer Electrodes
by Songchao Wang, Hanwen Zhang, Gangyi Chen, Yuzhu Pan, Yulian Zhang, Qianqian Huang, Jinbao Chen and Xin Wang
Sensors 2026, 26(10), 3030; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26103030 - 11 May 2026
Viewed by 97
Abstract
CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) single crystals have shown great potential in X/γ-ray detection. However, stable electrodes for MAPbBr3 single crystals still remain challenging. In this work, multi-layer electrodes including Au, Au/Ti and Au/Pt/Ti are investigated. Through I-V [...] Read more.
CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) single crystals have shown great potential in X/γ-ray detection. However, stable electrodes for MAPbBr3 single crystals still remain challenging. In this work, multi-layer electrodes including Au, Au/Ti and Au/Pt/Ti are investigated. Through I-V characterization, Au/Pt/Ti shows Ohmic contact behavior and the lowest dark current. The potential contact is also confirmed by the Kelvin force probe. Based on these low-noise electrodes, 59.5 keV monochromatic X-ray photon-counting detection and imaging is demonstrated. This work provides useful information for electrode design in lead halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation X-Ray Detection and Imaging Materials and Devices)
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12 pages, 4376 KB  
Article
Laser-Induced In Situ Crystallization of Hybrid Manganese(II) Bromide Arrays for X-Ray Imaging
by Zhaoran Lin, Guansheng Xing, Wei Wang and Bing Chen
Sensors 2026, 26(8), 2373; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26082373 - 12 Apr 2026
Viewed by 550
Abstract
Hybrid metal-halide scintillators are promising for X-ray imaging, but direct fabrication of patterned arrays with high spatial precision remains challenging. Here, we report a laser-induced in situ crystallization strategy for constructing pixelated scintillator arrays from a melt-processable manganese(II) bromide glass precursor, (BuTPP)2 [...] Read more.
Hybrid metal-halide scintillators are promising for X-ray imaging, but direct fabrication of patterned arrays with high spatial precision remains challenging. Here, we report a laser-induced in situ crystallization strategy for constructing pixelated scintillator arrays from a melt-processable manganese(II) bromide glass precursor, (BuTPP)2MnBr4 (BuTPP+, butyltriphenylphosphonium). The (BuTPP)2MnBr4 undergoes low-temperature glass formation and can be selectively recrystallized under femtosecond laser irradiation, enabling programmable spatial patterning. Structural analyses confirm the recovery of the crystalline phase after laser writing, while photophysical measurements show markedly enhanced photoluminescence and radioluminescence compared with the glassy state. Benefiting from efficient X-ray-to-light conversion and precise array definition, the patterned scintillators exhibit a high light yield of 24,600 photons MeV−1, an X-ray detection limit of 4.89 µGyair s−1, and a spatial resolution of 10 lp mm−1. This work establishes the laser-induced in situ crystallization strategy as an effective route to integrated hybrid scintillator arrays and offers a versatile platform for customizable and low-temperature processed X-ray imaging devices for imaging uses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation X-Ray Detection and Imaging Materials and Devices)
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Review

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28 pages, 7071 KB  
Review
All-Inorganic Lead-Free Perovskite Variant Nanocrystals for Advanced Photonic Applications
by Kaixuan Ni, Wei Zhou, Xiaoxiao Zhuang and Xiujuan Zou
Sensors 2026, 26(8), 2470; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26082470 - 17 Apr 2026
Viewed by 350
Abstract
Recently, lead-free metal halide perovskite variant nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as promising alternatives to their lead-based counterparts, with tunable optoelectronic properties achievable through structural and compositional engineering. Their tunable bandgaps, near-unity quantum yields, solution-processable synthesis routes, and intrinsic environmental benignity render them attractive [...] Read more.
Recently, lead-free metal halide perovskite variant nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as promising alternatives to their lead-based counterparts, with tunable optoelectronic properties achievable through structural and compositional engineering. Their tunable bandgaps, near-unity quantum yields, solution-processable synthesis routes, and intrinsic environmental benignity render them attractive candidates for a broad range of optoelectronic applications. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in perovskite-derived NCs, including diverse synthetic strategies, as well as structural and compositional engineering approaches for optimizing their photophysical properties. Additionally, this review critically discusses the emerging applications of lead-free metal halide perovskite variants, such as solid-state lighting, high-sensitivity photodetection, and advanced radiation imaging. This review aims to provide in-depth insight into the structure–composition–performance relationship of lead-free perovskite variant NCs and pave the way for next-generation eco-friendly optoelectronic materials and devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation X-Ray Detection and Imaging Materials and Devices)
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