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Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Biomarker Detection, Biomolecular Interaction Analysis and Nanomaterial-Enhanced Sensing Platforms

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 8012

Editor

Dr. Dhesmon Lima

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
Interests: electrochemical sensing; bioelectrochemistry; environmental chemistry; biosensors; nanotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrochemical sensors and biosensors have revolutionized the detection of molecular biomarkers and the analysis of biomolecular interactions, offering unparalleled sensitivity, specificity, and versatility. These technologies are central to advancing precision medicine, providing tools for early disease diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and the study of complex biological processes. By enabling real-time, label-free, and cost-effective detection, electrochemical platforms have become indispensable in both clinical and research settings.

Recent advances in nanomaterials have further enhanced the performance of electrochemical sensing platforms, offering new possibilities for improving their sensitivity, selectivity, and functionality. Nanomaterials, with their unique properties such as a high surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and nanoscale dimensions, have significantly broadened the scope of electrochemical sensors and biosensors, enabling more efficient and innovative solutions for biomarker detection and biomolecular interaction analysis.

This Special Issue, "Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Biomarker Detection, Biomolecular Interaction Analysis and Nanomaterial-Enhanced Sensing Platforms", seeks to explore the latest developments and applications of electrochemical sensors, with a particular emphasis on the role of nanomaterials in advancing these technologies. It aims to showcase cutting-edge innovations that enhance the capabilities of electrochemical devices, focusing on novel (bio)sensing strategies, nanomaterial-based platforms, and emerging applications.

Topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

– The development of novel electrochemical sensing materials and nanomaterial-based architectures with potential applications in electrochemical biomarker detection.

– The integration of sensors with microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip platforms for high-throughput analysis.

– Electrochemical approaches for real-time and quantitative analysis of biomolecular interactions, including protein–ligand, DNA–protein, and receptor-target studies.

– Applications in disease biomarker detection, drug discovery, and environmental and food monitoring, leveraging the unique properties of nanomaterials.

– Emerging trends in wearable and implantable electrochemical biosensors, including ones that are enhanced using nanomaterials.

We welcome original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and perspectives that address current challenges and future opportunities in the rapidly evolving field of nanomaterial-enhanced electrochemical sensing platforms.

Dr. Dhesmon Lima
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrochemical sensors and biosensors
  • biomarker detection
  • biomolecular interactions
  • precision medicine
  • lab-on-a-chip
  • protein–ligand interactions
  • wearable biosensors
  • nanomaterials for sensing

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3410 KB  
Article
Electrochemical Detection of miR-29a and miR-34a Using AuNPs Immobilized by a Silsesquioxane Polyelectrolyte: Potential Early Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers Detection
by Amanda Loos Vargas Zinser, Felipe Zahrebelnei, João Paulo Winiarski, Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani, Karen Wohnrath and Christiana Andrade Pessôa
Sensors 2026, 26(7), 2089; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26072089 - 27 Mar 2026
Viewed by 766
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, and early diagnosis is crucial to minimize neurological damage and loss of quality of life. Here, we report an electrochemical biosensor for detecting miRNAs 29a and 34a, potential non-invasive biomarkers associated with AD. [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, and early diagnosis is crucial to minimize neurological damage and loss of quality of life. Here, we report an electrochemical biosensor for detecting miRNAs 29a and 34a, potential non-invasive biomarkers associated with AD. The biosensor consisted of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a novel nanohybrid of gold nanoparticles stabilized by 3-n-propyl(4-dimethylaminopyridinium) silsesquioxane chloride (AuNPs–Si4DMAP+Cl−). Thiolated anti-miRNA probes were immobilized separately on the GCE/AuNPs-Si4DMAP+Cl−, followed by BSA blocking. Target miRNAs were detected via hybridization with complementary probes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanohybrid, characterized by spectroscopic and morphological techniques, significantly enhanced the electrochemical response and was effective detecting both miRNAs, showing suspension stability over 600 days. LOD and LOQ were 1.79 pM and 5.87 pM for miRNA-29a, and 2.21 pM and 11.01 pM for miRNA-34a. These results highlight the platform’s potential for electrochemical detection of these miRNAs in blood, supporting earlier detection of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Biomarker Detection, Biomolecular Interaction Analysis and Nanomaterial-Enhanced Sensing Platforms)
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13 pages, 2415 KB  
Article
Non-Fullerene Organic Semiconductor ITIC as a Redox Mediator in Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors
by Maurício A. P. Papi, Victor G. Scheidweiler, Sandra de Melo Cassemiro, Leni C. Akcelrud, Marcio F. Bergamini and Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Junior
Sensors 2025, 25(24), 7535; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247535 - 11 Dec 2025
Viewed by 856
Abstract
ITIC’s superior electron-accepting capacity and efficient oxygen reduction motivated the design of a sensor to enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and stability over conventional oxygen-dependent or fullerene-based systems. As oxygen acts as the terminal reagent in enzymatic glucose oxidation, we developed an ITIC-mediated glucose oxidase [...] Read more.
ITIC’s superior electron-accepting capacity and efficient oxygen reduction motivated the design of a sensor to enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and stability over conventional oxygen-dependent or fullerene-based systems. As oxygen acts as the terminal reagent in enzymatic glucose oxidation, we developed an ITIC-mediated glucose oxidase (GOx) biosensor on glassy carbon (GCE) and screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE). ITIC, a non-fullerene organic semiconductor, was drop-cast onto the electrode to catalyze oxygen reduction, followed by GOx immobilization in a chitosan matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed uniform, ultrathin coatings without significant morphological changes upon ITIC and GOx deposition. Electrochemical studies (cyclic (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)) revealed a distinct ITIC reduction peak at –0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and a glucose-dependent current decrease, consistent with mediated electron transfer during enzymatic oxidation. Under optimized conditions, the GCE-based biosensor showed a sensitivity of 10.7 μA L mmol−1, a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 0.10–1.00 mmol L−1, and detection (LOD)/quantification (LOQ) limits of 0.02 and 0.06 mmol L−1, respectively. The SPCE device displayed sensitivity (3.8 μA L mmol−1) and maintained excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99) with LOD and LOQ of 0.05 and 0.16 mmol L−1. Both platforms showed good precision (RSD < 5%) and reliable recovery in deproteinized plasma and artificial tears (90–104%). The superior performance of the GCE is attributed to higher ITIC loading, faster electron transfer, and reduced background current, while the SPCE offers a low-cost, disposable format with sufficient analytical performance for point-of-care glucose monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Biomarker Detection, Biomolecular Interaction Analysis and Nanomaterial-Enhanced Sensing Platforms)
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20 pages, 6970 KB  
Article
Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on CS@AuNPs/ZIF-8/rGO Composite for Detecting CA15-3 in Human Serum
by Yuanyue Lu, Yong Mei, Yingying Gu, Ye Tao, Yuhan Yang, Jiao Yu, Yang Zhang, Lin Liu and Xin Li
Sensors 2025, 25(24), 7462; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247462 - 8 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1014
Abstract
An electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated to identify CA15-3, a biomarker for breast cancer (BC). A composite sensor substrate made of “zeolitic imidazolate framework-8” (ZIF-8) and “reduced graphene oxide” (rGO) was chosen and its conductivity was further improved by the addition of chitosan (CS)-doped [...] Read more.
An electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated to identify CA15-3, a biomarker for breast cancer (BC). A composite sensor substrate made of “zeolitic imidazolate framework-8” (ZIF-8) and “reduced graphene oxide” (rGO) was chosen and its conductivity was further improved by the addition of chitosan (CS)-doped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The CS@AuNPs are able to conjugate with antibodies via the strong Au-S interaction, which offers multiple active sites for antibody immobilization and enhances the sensor performance. This immunosensor is capable of ultrasensitive detection of CA15-3 by specific antigen–antibody –interactions. In healthy people, normal serum CA15-3 is up to 25 U/mL. Under optimized experimental conditions, the alteration in the signal intensity measured by the sensor was related to the CA15-3 activity. The quantitative relationship was linear over 0.001–400 U/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0031 U/mL at a “signal-to-noise ratio” (S/N) of 3 and a “correlation coefficient” (r2) of 0.9983. The developed immunosensor showed great accuracy, stability, and selectivity, and was able to detect CA15-3 in human serum samples. These results validate its potential as a reliable analytical platform for BC diagnosis and early clinical screening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Biomarker Detection, Biomolecular Interaction Analysis and Nanomaterial-Enhanced Sensing Platforms)
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Review

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17 pages, 1758 KB  
Review
A Guide to Recognizing Your Electrochemical Impedance Spectra: Revisions of the Randles Circuit in (Bio)sensing
by Alexandros Lazanas and Beatriz Prieto Simón
Sensors 2025, 25(19), 6260; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25196260 - 9 Oct 2025
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4575
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a highly versatile electrochemical technique capable of discretizing each electrochemical parameter in complex systems by employing a broad frequency spectrum. When EIS is employed in (bio)sensing applications, the electrochemical parameters are usually fitted into a relatively limited equivalent [...] Read more.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a highly versatile electrochemical technique capable of discretizing each electrochemical parameter in complex systems by employing a broad frequency spectrum. When EIS is employed in (bio)sensing applications, the electrochemical parameters are usually fitted into a relatively limited equivalent circuit model regardless of the system at hand. This work thoroughly discusses the meaning of each physical parameter in the Randles circuit, the most common equivalent circuit to model (bio)sensing systems based on EIS transduction. Additionally, it pinpoints the most suitable modifications to the Randles circuit for modern-day electrodes, where coatings of non-biological and/or biological materials can radically impact the measured impedance compared to that of unmodified electrodes. The discussion is supported by simulations that clearly exhibit the effect of each examined parameter, providing guidance for experimentalists to improve the accuracy of their work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Biomarker Detection, Biomolecular Interaction Analysis and Nanomaterial-Enhanced Sensing Platforms)
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