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Smart Gas Sensor Applications in Environmental Change Monitoring
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Smart Gas Sensor Applications in Environmental Change Monitoring

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 4255

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kai Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: low-dimensional materials; gas sensing; optoelectronic devices; micro–nano fabrications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global warming and climate change have become serious environmental threats in the last decade. Air pollution due to rapid modernization and urbanization is the major cause of environmental deterioration. The emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), for instance, can be directly linked to the evolution of acid rain. Greenhouse gasses, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and NOx, are the main driver of global warming. Thus, the continuous monitoring and control of such pollutants are imperative to prevent environmental disasters.

This has prompted efforts to find new and user-friendly techniques for the monitoring of gasses hazardous to the environment and human health, which has led to the development of key technologies for their rapid, selective, sensitive, and efficient detection as well as that of chemical vapors and explosives. Given the boom of the Internet of Things (IoT), the next generation of gas sensors is expected to be massively deployed into dense network systems with low cost, low power consumption, and long-term stability. In addition, to achieve continuous monitoring, gas sensors may also need to demonstrate a high tolerance to environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and pressure.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive collection of the latest advances in gas sensors based on various materials and an outlook on gas sensors in environmental monitoring. We invite you to submit short communications, full research articles, and timely reviews focusing on advanced gas sensing techniques.

Dr. Kai Xu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gas sensors
  • environmental monitoring
  • nanomaterials
  • metal oxides
  • metal sulfides
  • pollutants
  • semiconductors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 60830 KiB  
Article
Wildfire Early Warning System Based on a Smart CO2 Sensors Network
by Alessio De Rango, Luca Furnari, Fabio Cortale, Alfonso Senatore and Giuseppe Mendicino
Sensors 2025, 25(7), 2012; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072012 - 23 Mar 2025
Viewed by 2630
Abstract
Climate change exacerbates wildfire risks in regions like the Mediterranean, where rising temperatures and prolonged droughts create ideal fire conditions. Adapting to this scenario requires implementing advanced risk management strategies that leverage cutting-edge technologies. Wildfire early warning systems are crucial tools for detecting [...] Read more.
Climate change exacerbates wildfire risks in regions like the Mediterranean, where rising temperatures and prolonged droughts create ideal fire conditions. Adapting to this scenario requires implementing advanced risk management strategies that leverage cutting-edge technologies. Wildfire early warning systems are crucial tools for detecting fires at an early stage, helping prevent potential future damage. This paper proposes a smart CO2 sensor network-based early warning system, relying on a platform that enables the connection, management, and processing of data from the devices through the cloud. The wildfire early warning system was tested in a real controlled experiment, in which 44 sensors were deployed in strategically selected locations at varying distances from the fire. To enhance early detection, three Artificial Intelligence (AI) models were developed using AutoEncoders (AEs) and Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and these were compared to a simple threshold-based (NO-AI) model. All AI models, especially the LSTM-based model, were able to extract more valuable information from the CO2 records, activating up to 56% more sensors than the NO-AI model in less time and tracking potential fire front propagation based on wind patterns. Therefore, the system not only improves early fire detection models but also effectively supports firefighting operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Gas Sensor Applications in Environmental Change Monitoring)
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17 pages, 6467 KiB  
Article
Enhanced N-Butanol Sensing Performance of Cr-Doped CeO2 Nanomaterials
by Yanping Chen, Haoyang Xu, Jing Ren, Guangfeng Zhang and Yonghui Jia
Sensors 2025, 25(4), 1208; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25041208 - 16 Feb 2025
Viewed by 501
Abstract
The Cr-doped CeO2 nanomaterials were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. Morphological analysis revealed that Cr doping altered the morphology and size of the CeO2 particles. Gas sensing tests results showed that Cr/Ce-2 has the highest response (Ra/ [...] Read more.
The Cr-doped CeO2 nanomaterials were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. Morphological analysis revealed that Cr doping altered the morphology and size of the CeO2 particles. Gas sensing tests results showed that Cr/Ce-2 has the highest response (Ra/Rg = 15.6 @ 10 ppm), which was 12.58 times higher than that of the pure CeO2 sensor. Furthermore, the optimal operating temperature was reduced from 210 °C to 170 °C. The Cr/Ce-2 sensor also displayed outstanding repeatability and gas selectivity. The improved gas sensing performance of the Cr-doped CeO2 sensor can be attributed to its smaller grain size and higher porosity compared to pure CeO2. In addition, oxygen vacancies played a pivotal role in improving the gas-sensing performance. The present work provides a new CeO2-based gas-sensitive material for the detection of n-butanol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Gas Sensor Applications in Environmental Change Monitoring)
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15 pages, 8392 KiB  
Article
Sensitivity Analysis of an Optical Interferometric Surface Stress Ethanol Gas Sensor with a Freestanding Nanosheet
by Ryusei Sogame, Yong-Joon Choi, Toshihiko Noda, Kazuaki Sawada and Kazuhiro Takahashi
Sensors 2024, 24(24), 8055; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24248055 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 782
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) gas detection has garnered considerable attention owing to its wide range of applications in industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, medical diagnostics, and fuel management. The development of highly sensitive EtOH-gas sensors has become a focus of research. This study proposes an [...] Read more.
Ethanol (EtOH) gas detection has garnered considerable attention owing to its wide range of applications in industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, medical diagnostics, and fuel management. The development of highly sensitive EtOH-gas sensors has become a focus of research. This study proposes an optical interferometric surface stress sensor for detecting EtOH gas. The sensor incorporates a 100 nm-thick freestanding membrane of Parylene C and gas-sensitive polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) fabricated within a microcavity on a Si substrate. The results showed that reducing the thickness of the freestanding Parylene C membrane is essential for achieving higher sensitivity. Previously, a 100-nm-thick membrane transfer onto microcavities was achieved using a surfactant-assisted release technique. However, polymerization inhibition caused by the surfactant presented challenges in forming ultrathin membranes of several tens of nanometers. In this study, we employed a surfactant-free release technique using a hydrophilic natural oxide layer to successfully form a 14-nm-thick freestanding Parylene C membrane. In contrast, the optimum thickness of the gas-adsorbed PMMA membrane was approximately 295 nm. Moreover, we demonstrated that this thinner membrane improved EtOH gas detection sensitivity by a factor of eight compared with our previously reported sensor. Thus, this study advances the field of nanoscale materials and sensor technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Gas Sensor Applications in Environmental Change Monitoring)
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