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Computing-Enabled Imagers for Pervasive Computer Vision

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 2077

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Interests: processing-in-pixel; processing-in-memory; neuromorphic computing; unconventional computing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Computer vision and its applications are ubiquitous in today’s technological era, with applications including computational photography, image super resolution, autonomous driving, AR/VR, medical diagnosis, robotics, space exploration, etc. Imaging technologies dominated by CMOS image sensors are often the generators of pixel-based data that are fed to computer vision (CV) algorithms. However, the extraordinary demand for CV applications and the associated explosion in data transfer and computational requirements has necessitated decentralized processing of CV workloads, starting at the source of pixel data, i.e., the imager sensor itself. Several approaches have recently been explored that include in-sensor and in-pixel computing, neural-network-embedded cameras, 3D sensing, time-of-flight sensors, compressive imaging, coded exposure pixels, high-speed, high-sensitivity cameras, and event-based dynamic vision sensors among others. These novel computing-enabled sensors are supported by new algorithms that are cognizant of the underlying camera hardware. This Special Issue aims to highlight the recent works in embedding computation inside imagers for a wide range of computer vision applications. The areas of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Processing-in-pixel;
  • Processing-in-sensor;
  • Time-of-flight sensors;
  • Neuromorphic and bio-inspired imagers;
  • High-speed imagers;
  • 3D integrated cameras;
  • Computational imagers;
  • Coded exposure cameras;
  • High-dynamic range cameras;
  • Photon-counting imagers;
  • Cameras for IoT and edge applications;
  • Hardware-software co-design for application specific imagers.

Dr. Akhilesh Jaiswal
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

25 pages, 7757 KiB  
Article
Adjoint-Assisted Shape Optimization of Microlenses for CMOS Image Sensors
by Rishad Arfin, Jens Niegemann, Dylan McGuire and Mohamed H. Bakr
Sensors 2024, 24(23), 7693; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237693 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1495
Abstract
Recently, there have been significant developments in the designs of CMOS image sensors to achieve high-resolution sensing capabilities. One of the fundamental factors determining the sensor’s ability to capture high-resolution images is its efficiency in focusing the visible light onto the photosensitive region [...] Read more.
Recently, there have been significant developments in the designs of CMOS image sensors to achieve high-resolution sensing capabilities. One of the fundamental factors determining the sensor’s ability to capture high-resolution images is its efficiency in focusing the visible light onto the photosensitive region of the submicron scale. In most CMOS imaging technologies, this is typically achieved through microlenses. Light collection under diverse conditions can be significantly improved through the efficient design of microlenses. While the optimization of microlenses appears to be imperative, achieving efficient designs of microlenses for high-density pixels under various conditions remains a significant challenge. Therefore, a systematic optimization approach is required to accelerate the development of efficient microlenses with enhanced optical performance. In this paper, we present an approach to optimize the shape of CMOS microlenses through adjoint sensitivity analysis (ASA). A novel figure of merit (FOM) is developed and incorporated into the optimization process to enhance the light collection. The gradient of the FOM is computed iteratively using two field simulations only. The functionality and robustness of the optimization framework are thoroughly evaluated. Furthermore, the performance of the optimized CMOS microlenses is compared to that of the conventional microlenses. The adjoint-assisted optimization framework presented here can be further used to develop efficient optical devices that perform optical manipulation such as concentrating, bending, or dispersing light in compact imaging systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computing-Enabled Imagers for Pervasive Computer Vision)
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