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Advanced Electrochemical Sensors: Design and Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 1503

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Varazdin, Croatia
Interests: electrochemistry; chemical sensors; biosensors; electrochemical detection; QCM; pollutants; pathogens
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrochemical sensors have emerged as a powerful class of analytical devices capable of detecting a wide range of chemical and biological analytes with high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid response times. These sensors leverage electrochemical transduction mechanisms to convert target analyte interactions into measurable electrical signals, with high-impact applications in food safety, environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, industrial process control, and security applications.

In recent years, advancements in materials science, microfabrication, and data-driven analytics have revolutionized electrochemical sensing technology. The integration of metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and novel electrode materials has significantly enhanced sensor performance, enabling greater selectivity, lower detection limits, and improved stability. Moreover, the development of microfluidic electrochemical sensors, lab-on-a-chip devices, portable and wearable platforms, and printed sensor technologies has expanded their application potential, allowing real-time, on-site analysis in resource-limited settings.

There is also an emerging trend in the application of machine learning and computational modeling for electrochemical sensor data analysis. Computational tools aid in the rational design of electrode materials, optimizing sensor architecture for better performance.

This review explores recent advances in electrochemical sensors, highlighting cutting-edge materials, novel fabrication techniques, and their diverse applications in food safety, environmental and water quality monitoring, health diagnostics, industrial process monitoring, and security. Special attention is given to the role of artificial intelligence, microfluidics, and emerging sensor platforms in shaping the future of electrochemical sensing technologies.

Prof. Dr. Nikola Sakač
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • food safety analysis
  • environmental monitoring (air, water, and soil quality)
  • biomedical and health monitoring
  • gas detection
  • detection of explosives
  • corrosion and industrial process monitoring
  • sensors for harsh environments.
  • microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip electrochemical devices
  • portable and wearable electrochemical sensors
  • printed and screen-printed electrochemical sensors
  • metal oxides
  • carbon nanomaterials
  • polymers
  • novel electrode materials.
  • machine learning
  • computational modeling of electrochemical sensors

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

29 pages, 20981 KB  
Article
Sensitivity Analysis of Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Towards Tomography-on-a-Chip
by Lilia Bató, Péter Fürjes, János M. Bozorádi, Vladimir Tadić, Péter Odry and Zoltán Vizvári
Sensors 2025, 25(20), 6393; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25206393 - 16 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1035
Abstract
Electrical impedance measurements are traditionally macroscopic screening techniques designed to obtain information about the macroscopic internal structure of biological systems. In order to overcome the limitations that the technology detects, mainly with the bulk properties, a miniaturization is employed by developing a complex [...] Read more.
Electrical impedance measurements are traditionally macroscopic screening techniques designed to obtain information about the macroscopic internal structure of biological systems. In order to overcome the limitations that the technology detects, mainly with the bulk properties, a miniaturization is employed by developing a complex microfluidic system to achieve cell-scale information. In this work, a microelectrode array was incorporated into a microfluidic chip, allowing localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, providing impedance data obtained in the spatial and frequency domains simultaneously. The height of the capillary in the microfluidic system was also systematically modified; hence, three types of channels with heights of 10 μm, 30 μm, and 50 μm were developed and studied. The EIS data collection was implemented using two different strategies (two- and four-electrode techniques). Sensitivity analysis was conducted using a microbead solution, where the linear mapping of the number of microbeads along the channel was achieved by EIS. Based on the findings, a complete overview of each measurement implementation was obtained, which is well explained by the physical background presented in the paper. In the case where the capillary height (10 μm) is comparable to the diameter of the microbeads (6 μm), the four-electrode technique detected the beads in a wider frequency range (approximately between 500 Hz and 50 kHz), while the two-electrode technique detected the beads in a narrower frequency range (approximately between 30 kHz and 300 kHz) with correlation greater than 0.9. In all other cases, a medium (or weak) correlation was found between the impedance data and the longitudinal bead distribution. Based on the results, the technology is ready for further development and adaptation for cell culture purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrochemical Sensors: Design and Applications)
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