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Fall Detection Based on Wearable Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Wearables".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2025 | Viewed by 1720

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
2. Institute for Systems and Robotics, LARSyS, Torre Norte Piso 7, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: wearables; fall detection; data augmentation; robot; 3D Vision; tactile sensing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fall detection in the senior population has the potential of reducing healthcare costs, as well as improving the impact on the lives of every senior person. However, data on the senior population during falls are scarce or not possible to gather, so current models for fall detection are not accurate for their application. This Special Issue aims to gather ideas and methods that generate accurate values for wearable sensors, as well as other aspects of fall detection. These accurate samples should be as close as possible to wearable device data. Thus, this Special Issue calls for works that (i) generate plausible data of senior people falling from simulations, (ii) generate samples that follow the trajectory patterns of the senior population, and (iii) create mappings that generate data of senior falls from actual data of healthy participants (either young or senior). This topic fits into the scope of Sensors due to the sensor modeling and data analysis. The topics of interest are as follows:

  • Data generation from simulation;
  • Transfer learning;
  • Data augmentation from fall videos;
  • Motion capture;
  • Fall detection.

Dr. Plinio Moreno
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • data generation from simulation
  • transfer learning
  • data augmentation from fall videos
  • motion capture
  • fall detection

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 962 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of a Waist-Mounted Sensor in Predicting Prospective Falls Among Older People Residing in Community Dwellings: A Prospective Cohort Study
by Ka-Ming Lai and Kenneth N. K. Fong
Sensors 2025, 25(8), 2516; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25082516 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 294
Abstract
Falls pose a significant health risk for older people, necessitating accurate predictive tools for fall prevention. This study evaluated the sensitivity of a wearable waist-belt sensor, the Booguu Aspire system, in predicting prospective fall incidents among 37 community-dwelling older people in Hong Kong. [...] Read more.
Falls pose a significant health risk for older people, necessitating accurate predictive tools for fall prevention. This study evaluated the sensitivity of a wearable waist-belt sensor, the Booguu Aspire system, in predicting prospective fall incidents among 37 community-dwelling older people in Hong Kong. A prospective cohort design was employed, involving two analytical groups: the overall cohort and a subset with cognitive performance data available, measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Participants were categorized into moderate- or high-risk groups for falls using the sensor and further assessed with physical function tests, including the Single Leg Stand Test (SLST), 6 Meter Walk Test (6MWT), and Five Times Sit to Stand Test (5STS). Fall incidents were monitored for 12 months through quarterly follow-up phone calls. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences in physical performance between high- and moderate-risk groups and no significant correlations between sensor-based fall risk ratings and physical function test outcomes. The SLST, 6MWT, 5STS, and MoCA tests classified sensor-determined fall risk ratings with accuracies of 51.4%, 64.9%, 59.5%, and 50%. The sensor showed low sensitivity, with 13.51% true positives for fallers and a 20% sensitivity for high-risk individuals. ROC analysis yielded an Area Under the Curve of 0.688. Our findings indicate that the wearable waist-belt Sensor System may not be a sensitive tool in predicting prospective fall incidents. The algorithm for fall risk classification in the wearable sensor merits further exploration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fall Detection Based on Wearable Sensors)
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18 pages, 4830 KiB  
Article
Performance Analysis of Data Augmentation Approaches for Improving Wrist-Based Fall Detection System
by Yu-Chen Tu, Che-Yu Lin, Chien-Pin Liu and Chia-Tai Chan
Sensors 2025, 25(7), 2168; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072168 - 29 Mar 2025
Viewed by 335
Abstract
The aging of society is a global concern nowadays. Falls and fall-related injuries can influence the elderly’s daily living, including physical damage, psychological effects, and financial problems. A reliable fall detection system can trigger an alert immediately when a fall event happens to [...] Read more.
The aging of society is a global concern nowadays. Falls and fall-related injuries can influence the elderly’s daily living, including physical damage, psychological effects, and financial problems. A reliable fall detection system can trigger an alert immediately when a fall event happens to reduce the adverse effects of falls. Notably, the wrist-based fall detection system provides the most acceptable placement for the elderly; however, the performance is the worst due to the complicated hand movement modeling. Many works recently implemented deep learning technology on wrist-based fall detection systems to address the worst, but class imbalance and data scarcity issues occur. In this study, we analyze different data augmentation methodologies to enhance the performance of wrist-based fall detection systems using deep learning technology. Based on the results, the conditional diffusion model is an ideal data augmentation approach, which improves the F1 score by 6.58% when trained with only 25% of the actual data, and the synthetic data maintains a high quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fall Detection Based on Wearable Sensors)
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Review

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19 pages, 11014 KiB  
Review
A Decade of Progress in Wearable Sensors for Fall Detection (2015–2024): A Network-Based Visualization Review
by Yifei Li, Pei Liu, Yan Fang, Xiangyuan Wu, Yewei Xie, Zhongzhi Xu, Hao Ren and Fengshi Jing
Sensors 2025, 25(7), 2205; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072205 - 31 Mar 2025
Viewed by 664
Abstract
Over the past decade, wearable sensors for fall detection have gained significant attention due to their potential in improving the safety of elderly users and reducing fall-related injuries. This review employs a network-based visualization approach to analyze research trends, key technologies, and collaborative [...] Read more.
Over the past decade, wearable sensors for fall detection have gained significant attention due to their potential in improving the safety of elderly users and reducing fall-related injuries. This review employs a network-based visualization approach to analyze research trends, key technologies, and collaborative networks. Using studies from SCI- and SSCI-indexed journals from 2015 to 2024, we analyzed 582 articles and 65 reviews with CiteSpace, revealing a significant rise in research on wearable sensors for fall detection. Additionally, we reviewed various datasets and machine learning techniques, from traditional methods to advanced deep learning frameworks, which demonstrate high accuracies, F1 scores, sensitivities, and specificities in controlled settings. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress and emerging trends, offering a foundation for future advancements in wearable fall detection systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fall Detection Based on Wearable Sensors)
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