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Processes
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Modeling, Simulation and Control in Energy Systems—2nd Edition
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Modeling, Simulation and Control in Energy Systems—2nd Edition

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 738

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dimitris Ipsakis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
Interests: process control in energy applications; process modeling and simulation; energy management; renewable energy systems; green hydrogen systems; techno-economic studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andreas Yiotis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
Interests: theoretical study and numerical modeling of transport processes in porous media; multiphase flows; conventional and enhanced oil recovery; geologic CO2 sequestration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Clean energy systems, featuring zero carbon emissions, are on the forefront of today’s research regarding the need to protect our environment against global warming and fossil fuel depletion. Decarbonization strategies along with novel energy systems have diverted research groups to the working areas of renewable energy, alternative fuels, energy efficiency improvement, autonomous systems design, waste management and energy policy regulations. To this end, the integrated framework for the modeling, simulation, automation and control of energy systems has become an essential tool for predicting system performance under stochastic disturbances and unpredictable variations (either short-term or long-term). Moreover, the modeling and control framework plays an essential role in the design, analysis and optimization of modern energy systems relying on AI techniques. Distributed generation, umnaned operation and smart grid technologies have emerged at the forefront of energy sector commercialization. This research area serves as a foundation for developing sustainable, reliable and intelligent energy infrastructure.

This Special Issue, entitled “Modeling, Simulation and Control in Energy Systems—2nd Edition”, aims to collect high-quality research studies (including state-of-the art review papers) addressing challenges pertaining to the broad areas of energy management, utilization and storage. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Mathematical programming and control of energy systems;
  • Energy efficiency in electrical or hydrogen vehicles, buildings and power stations;
  • Renewable energy systems and energy storage;
  • Electrochemical standalone or hybrid systems (batteries, fuel cells and electrolyzers);
  • Waste-to-power and power-to-X technologies;
  • Distributed and off-grid energy systems;
  • Complex transport phenomena in energy processes;
  • Energy management and optimization.

This is a continuation of the first edition of this Special Issue, which collected more than 15 research papers. The first edition can be found here:
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes/special_issues/HI863SV90Y

Dr. Dimitris Ipsakis
Dr. Andreas Yiotis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • zero carbon technologies
  • energy efficiency
  • hybrid and smart-grid systems
  • combined heat and power (CHP units)
  • advanced process control
  • system design and optimization
  • energy economics, policy and planning
  • AI tools in energy

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
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  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 2507 KB  
Article
Analysis of Process Intensification Impact on Circular Economy in Levulinic Acid Purification Schemes
by Tania Itzel Serrano-Arévalo, Heriberto Alcocer-García, César Ramírez-Márquez and José María Ponce-Ortega
Processes 2025, 13(11), 3496; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113496 - 30 Oct 2025
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of levulinic acid purification schemes from a circular economy perspective, integrating resource-based indicators with economic and environmental metrics. Twelve alternatives, ranging from conventional distillation sequences to intensified hybrid systems, were assessed using indicators such as Relative Material [...] Read more.
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of levulinic acid purification schemes from a circular economy perspective, integrating resource-based indicators with economic and environmental metrics. Twelve alternatives, ranging from conventional distillation sequences to intensified hybrid systems, were assessed using indicators such as Relative Material Impact, total annual cost, Eco-Indicator 99, fuel demand, and CO2 emissions. The novelty of this work lies in extending the assessment beyond purification infrastructure to include upstream systems that supply energy demand, such as fuel extraction and steam generation. The configurations considered incorporate thermal couplings, dividing wall columns, and decanters, which influence energy efficiency, process complexity, and resource depletion. Among these, the TDWS-D configuration (Thermally Coupled Double Dividing Wall Column System with Decanter) exhibits the highest values in DMR, TAC, and CO2 emissions, driven by its elevated energy demand and complex infrastructure. Conversely, the TCS2 configuration (Thermally Coupled Sequence, featuring selective heat integration between distillation columns) achieves the lowest impact across all metrics, demonstrating that selective and strategic intensification (rather than maximalist design) can yield superior sustainability outcomes. Across all scenarios, the boiler stage was identified as the main contributor to material depletion, followed by fuel extraction and purification equipment. Notably, some conventional designs proved superior to intensified ones in terms of circularity, challenging the assumption that intensification inherently guarantees sustainability. Overall, the integration of circular economy indicators enables a multidimensional evaluation framework that supports more responsible and resource-efficient process design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Simulation and Control in Energy Systems—2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 4391 KB  
Article
Magnetically Saturated Pulsed Eddy Current for Inner-Liner Collapse in Bimetal Composite Pipelines: Physics, Identifiability, and Field Validation
by Shuyi Xie, Peng Xu, Liya Ma, Tao Liang, Xiaoxiao Ma, Jinheng Luo and Lifeng Li
Processes 2025, 13(11), 3409; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13113409 - 24 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Underground gas storage (UGS) is critical to national reserves and seasonal peak-shaving, and its safe operation is integral to energy security. In UGS surface process pipelines, heterogeneous bimetal composite pipes—carbon-steel substrates lined with stainless steel—are widely used but susceptible under coupled thermal–pressure–flow loading [...] Read more.
Underground gas storage (UGS) is critical to national reserves and seasonal peak-shaving, and its safe operation is integral to energy security. In UGS surface process pipelines, heterogeneous bimetal composite pipes—carbon-steel substrates lined with stainless steel—are widely used but susceptible under coupled thermal–pressure–flow loading to geometry-induced instabilities (local buckling, adhesion, and collapse), which can restrict flow, concentrate stress, and precipitate rupture and unplanned shutdowns. Conventional ultrasonic testing and magnetic flux leakage have limited sensitivity to such instabilities, while standard eddy-current testing is impeded by the ferromagnetic substrate’s high permeability and electromagnetic shielding. This study introduces magnetically saturated pulsed eddy-current testing (MS-PECT). A quasi-static bias field drives the substrate toward magnetic saturation, reducing differential permeability and increasing effective penetration; combined with pulsed excitation and differential reception, the approach improves defect responsiveness and the signal-to-noise ratio. A prototype was developed and evaluated through mechanistic modeling, numerical simulation, laboratory pipe trials, and in-service demonstrations. Field deployment on composite pipelines at the Hutubi UGS (Xinjiang, China) enabled rapid identification and spatial localization of liner collapse under non-shutdown or minimally invasive conditions. MS-PECT provides a practical tool for composite-pipeline integrity management, reducing the risk of unplanned outages, enhancing peak-shaving reliability, and supporting resilient UGS operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Simulation and Control in Energy Systems—2nd Edition)
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24 pages, 10428 KB  
Article
Hybrid Energy Storage Capacity Optimization for Power Fluctuation Mitigation in Offshore Wind–Photovoltaic Hybrid Plants Using TVF-EMD
by Chenghuan Tian, Qinghu Zhang, Dan Mei, Xudong Zhang, Zhengping Li and Erqiang Chen
Processes 2025, 13(10), 3282; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103282 - 14 Oct 2025
Viewed by 326
Abstract
The large-scale integration of coordinated offshore wind and offshore photovoltaic (PV) generation introduces pronounced power fluctuations due to the intrinsic randomness and intermittency of renewable energy sources (RESs). These fluctuations pose significant challenges to the secure, stable, and economical operation of modern power [...] Read more.
The large-scale integration of coordinated offshore wind and offshore photovoltaic (PV) generation introduces pronounced power fluctuations due to the intrinsic randomness and intermittency of renewable energy sources (RESs). These fluctuations pose significant challenges to the secure, stable, and economical operation of modern power systems. To address this issue, this study proposes a hybrid energy storage system (HESS)-based optimization framework that simultaneously enhances fluctuation suppression performance, optimizes storage capacity allocation, and improves life-cycle economic efficiency. First, a K-means fuzzy clustering algorithm is employed to analyze historical RES power data, extracting representative daily fluctuation profiles to serve as accurate inputs for optimization. Second, the time-varying filter empirical mode decomposition (TVF-EMD) technique is applied to adaptively decompose the net power fluctuations. High-frequency components are allocated to a flywheel energy storage system (FESS), valued for its high power density, rapid response, and long cycle life, while low-frequency components are assigned to a battery energy storage system (BESS), characterized by high energy density and cost-effectiveness. This decomposition–allocation strategy fully exploits the complementary characteristics of different storage technologies. Simulation results for an integrated offshore wind–PV generation scenario demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces the fluctuation rate of RES power output while maintaining favorable economic performance. The approach achieves unified optimization of HESS sizing, fluctuation mitigation, and life-cycle cost, offering a viable reference for the planning and operation of large-scale offshore hybrid renewable plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Simulation and Control in Energy Systems—2nd Edition)
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