Fungal and Yeast Cell Wall Polysaccharides—Bioactivities and Practical Applications

A special issue of Polysaccharides (ISSN 2673-4176).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 6995

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Bioresources Department, Bioproducts Group, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
2. Biotechnologies Faculty, University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
Interests: plant biostimulants; microbial and plant biosynthetized nanoparticles; nanocellulose; chitin/chitosan and nanochitin/nanochitosan; alginate; stimuli-responsive nanoformulations; multifunctional nanosystems; circular bioeconomy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry–ICECHIM, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: proteins; biopolymers; plant biostimulants; bio(nano)technology; green technologies; enzymology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, scientific articles and patents have revealed various bioactivities of polysaccharides derived from filamentous fungi and yeast cell walls, including antioxidant, anti-mutagen, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoral, reduction of blood lipids (including cholesterol) due to reduced intestinal absorption, stimulation of the immune system, and elicitation of plant defence. Such bioactivities add to the existing practical applications of these polysaccharides as feed additives (prebiotics and mycotoxin adsorbents), food additives (emulsifying, thickening, gelling, cryoprotective, and/or encapsulation agents), and wine stabilization (including haze prevention in white wine).

Fungal and yeast cell wall polysaccharides can be recovered from food industry side streams (spent mushroom substrates, spent brewery yeasts, wine lees) or produced in significant quantities using well-known biosynthesis processes, e.g., bakery yeast production on molasses or solid-state fermentation for the production of mushrooms. The high added value of bioproducts made from yeast cell wall polysaccharides is a driver for the continuous development of research and innovation, leading to the practical exploitation of multiple functions of yeast cell wall polysaccharides.

This Special Issue welcomes research papers, reviews, opinion papers, and short communications covering various aspects of the bioactivities and practical applications of yeast cell wall polysaccharides.

Dr. Florin Oancea
Prof. Dr. Philippe Michaud
Dr. Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • preparation of fungal and yeast cell wall components
  • bioactivities of fungal and yeast cell wall polysaccharides
  • application of fungal and yeast cell wall as food additive
  • application of fungal and yeast cell wall as feed additive
  • fungal and yeast cell wall application for nutraceutics and cosmeceutics
  • fungal and yeast cell wall application for plant treatment
  • yeast cell wall as wine stabilizer

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4611 KiB  
Article
Composite Based on Biomineralized Oxidized Bacterial Cellulose with Strontium Apatite for Bone Regeneration
by Ana Lorena de Brito Soares, Erika Patrícia Chagas Gomes Luz, Igor Iuco Castro-Silva, Rodolpho Ramilton de Castro Monteiro, Fábia Karine Andrade and Rodrigo Silveira Vieira
Polysaccharides 2025, 6(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides6010023 - 17 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 505
Abstract
Rejections of commercial bone implants have driven research in the biomaterials field to develop more biocompatible and less cytotoxic alternatives. This study aims to create composites based on oxidized bacterial cellulose (OBC) and strontium apatite (SrAp). These composites were produced through a biomimetic [...] Read more.
Rejections of commercial bone implants have driven research in the biomaterials field to develop more biocompatible and less cytotoxic alternatives. This study aims to create composites based on oxidized bacterial cellulose (OBC) and strontium apatite (SrAp). These composites were produced through a biomimetic method using a simulated body fluid modified with strontium ions to enhance bioactivity and stabilize apatite within the biomaterial. The incorporation of SrAp into OBC membranes was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and indicated by the appearance of a peak corresponding to phosphate group elongation (850 cm−1). Quantification of strontium content by atomic absorption spectrometry revealed a concentration of 3359 ± 727 mg·g−1 of Sr adsorbed onto the material surface after 7 days, beyond which no significant increase was observed. Scanning electron microscopy verified biomineralization through structural modifications, and X-ray diffraction showed that despite new peak appearances, the biomineralized membranes retained crystallinity similar to pure samples. The composite also demonstrated high cell viability for mouse osteoblasts and fibroblasts and a low mortality rate in brine shrimp Artemia (approximately 12.94 ± 4.77%). These findings suggest that these membranes have great potential for application in bone tissue engineering. Full article
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18 pages, 5934 KiB  
Article
Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose: A Potential Sustainable Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Removal
by Aldo Amaro-Reyes, Karina Marín-Medina, Monserrat Escamilla-García, Sarai E. Favela-Camacho, Oscar Yael Barrón-García, Juan Campos-Guillén, Miguel Angel Ramos-López, Héctor Pool, Eloy Rodríguez-de León and José Alberto Rodríguez Morales
Polysaccharides 2025, 6(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides6010008 - 30 Jan 2025
Viewed by 800
Abstract
The printing and dyeing industries generate wastewater containing toxic, hard-to-degrade organic dyes like methylene blue (MB). Recent research focuses on biodegradable, renewable materials such as cellulose-based absorbents to address this issue. This study investigates bacterial cellulose (BC) functionalized with citric acid as a [...] Read more.
The printing and dyeing industries generate wastewater containing toxic, hard-to-degrade organic dyes like methylene blue (MB). Recent research focuses on biodegradable, renewable materials such as cellulose-based absorbents to address this issue. This study investigates bacterial cellulose (BC) functionalized with citric acid as a sustainable adsorbent for MB removal. BC, a by-product of kombucha fermentation, is functionalized with citric acid, and its adsorption capacity is analyzed. BC production reaches 3.65 ± 0.16 g L−1 by day 12. Using 0.05 g of functionalized BC (FBC) at pH 7, a maximum adsorption capacity of 13.22 ± 1.27 mg g−1 is achieved for MB at 600 mg L−1 over 60 min. The adsorption mechanism is complex, with both pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order models fitting well at 20 °C, 40 °C, and 70 °C. The carboxyl groups of citric acid bind to the hydroxyl groups of cellulose fibers via esterification, altering the material’s charge, reactivity, thermal, and crystallinity properties. This functionalization enhances BC’s adsorption capacity, making it a promising material for bioremediation in circular systems. Full article
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Review

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12 pages, 702 KiB  
Review
Production of the Polysaccharide Pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans Cell Immobilization
by Thomas P. West
Polysaccharides 2022, 3(3), 544-555; https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3030032 - 9 Aug 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4171
Abstract
This review examines the immobilization of A. pullulans cells for production of the fungal polysaccharide pullulan. Pullulan is a water-soluble gum that exists structurally as a glucan consisting primarily of maltotriose units, which has a variety of food, non-food and biomedical applications. [...] Read more.
This review examines the immobilization of A. pullulans cells for production of the fungal polysaccharide pullulan. Pullulan is a water-soluble gum that exists structurally as a glucan consisting primarily of maltotriose units, which has a variety of food, non-food and biomedical applications. Cells can be immobilized by carrier-binding or entrapment techniques. The number of studies utilizing carrier-binding as a method to immobilize A. pullulans cells appears to outnumber the investigations using cell entrapment. A variety of solid supports, including polyurethane foam, sponge, diatomaceous earth, ion-exchanger, zeolite and plastic composite, have been employed to immobilize pullulan-producing A. pullulans cells. The most effective solid support that was used to adsorb the fungal cells was polyurethane foam which produced polysaccharide after 18 cycles of use. To entrap pullulan-producing fungal cells, agents such as polyurethane foam, polyvinyl alcohol, calcium alginate, agar, agarose, carrageenan and chitosan were investigated. Polysaccharide production by cells entrapped in polyurethane foam, polyvinyl alcohol or calcium alginate was highest and the immobilized cells could be reutilized for several cycles. It was shown that the pullulan content of the polysaccharide synthesized by cells entrapped in calcium alginate beads was low, which limits the method’s usefulness for pullulan production. Further, many of the entrapped fungal cells synthesized polysaccharide with a low pullulan content. It was concluded that carrier-binding techniques may be more effective than entrapment techniques for A. pullulans cell immobilization, since carrier-binding is less likely to affect the pullulan content of the polysaccharide being synthesized. Full article
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