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Polymers
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Polymeric Materials for Optical Applications II
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Polymeric Materials for Optical Applications II

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (16 November 2020) | Viewed by 11156

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. José Paulo S. Farinha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: functinal nanomaterials; nanoparticles; polymers and colloids; emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization; controled radical polymerization (RAFT); polymer coatings; optical sensor nanomaterials; fluorescence applications and laser scanning microscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Carlos Baleizão

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro de Química Estrutural, Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: hybrid silica nanoparticles for imaging and theranostics; optical fluorescent sensors; systhesis of fluorescent functional dyes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the success of the Special Issue focused on the state-of-the-art of polymeric materials for optical applications, we are now opening a second issue on "Polymeric Materials for Optical Applications."

The use of polymeric materials in optical applications is widespread, ranging from conjugated polymers for photovoltaics and optical (LED) devices, to optical sensing, bioimaging with dye-labelled polymers, nonlinear optics, light harvesting, different optical components, and materials for structural color.

Papers are sought that discuss the latest research in the area or summarize selected areas of the field. The scope of the Special Issue encompasses the synthesis and characterization of polymers used for optical applications, including polymer chains, gels, polymer nanoparticles, polymer based nanocomposites, and hybrid assemblies.

Of particular interest are new structures and functions resulting from the synthesis and processing of polymer materials featuring specific interactions with light, and new insights on the structure-optical properties relationships leading to enhanced functionality.

Prof. Dr. José Paulo Farinha
Prof. Dr. Carlos Baleizão
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Conjugated polymers for energy applications
  • Polymers for optical sensing
  • Dye labeled polymers for bioimaging
  • Polymers for nonlinear optics
  • Polymers for light harvesting
  • Polymer materials for structural color
  • Polymers for optical components

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 3732 KiB  
Article
Influence of Fluorine Substitution on the Optical, Thermal, Electrochemical and Structural Properties of Carbazole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternate Copolymers
by Ary R. Murad, Ahmed Iraqi, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Hunan Hi, Sozan N. Abdullah, M. A. Brza and Rebar T. Abdulwahid
Polymers 2020, 12(12), 2910; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122910 - 04 Dec 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2012
Abstract
In this work four novel donor-acceptor copolymers, PCDTBTDI-DMO, PCDTBTDI-8, P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8, were designed and synthesised via Suzuki polymerisation. The first two copolymers consist of 2,7-carbazole flanked by thienyl moieties as the electron donor unit and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron acceptor [...] Read more.
In this work four novel donor-acceptor copolymers, PCDTBTDI-DMO, PCDTBTDI-8, P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8, were designed and synthesised via Suzuki polymerisation. The first two copolymers consist of 2,7-carbazole flanked by thienyl moieties as the electron donor unit and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron acceptor units. In the structures of P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8 copolymers, two fluorine atoms were incorporated at 3,6-positions of 2,7-carbazole to investigate the impact of fluorine upon the optoelectronic, structural and thermal properties of the resulting polymers. P2F-CDTBTDI-8 possesses the highest number average molecular weight (Mn = 24,200 g mol−1) among all the polymers synthesised. PCDTBTDI-DMO and PCDTBTDI-8 show identical optical band gaps of 1.76 eV. However, the optical band gaps of fluorinated copolymers are slightly higher than non-fluorinated counterparts. All polymers have deep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels. Changing the alkyl chain substituents on BTDI moieties from linear n-octyl to branched 3,7-dimethyloctyl groups as well as substituting the two hydrogen atoms at 3,6-positions of carbazole unit by fluorine atoms has negligible impact on the HOMO levels of the polymers. Similarly, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are almost comparable for all polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has shown that all polymers have good thermal stability and also confirmed that the fluorinated copolymers have higher thermal stability relative to those non-fluorinated analogues. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies proved that all polymers have an amorphous nature in the solid state. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Optical Applications II)
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13 pages, 4116 KiB  
Article
Vortex Polymer Optical Fiber with 64 Stable OAM States
by José A. Borda-Hernández, Claudia M. Serpa-Imbett and Hugo E. Hernandez Figueroa
Polymers 2020, 12(12), 2776; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122776 - 24 Nov 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2249
Abstract
This research introduces a numerical design of an air-core vortex polymer optical fiber in cyclic transparent optical polymer (CYTOP) that propagates 32 orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, i.e., it may support up to 64 stable OAM-states considering left- and right-handed circular polarizations. This [...] Read more.
This research introduces a numerical design of an air-core vortex polymer optical fiber in cyclic transparent optical polymer (CYTOP) that propagates 32 orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, i.e., it may support up to 64 stable OAM-states considering left- and right-handed circular polarizations. This fiber seeks to be an alternative to increase the capacity of short-range optical communication systems multiplexed by modes, in agreement with the high demand of low-cost, insensitive-to-bending and easy-to-handle fibers similar to others optical fibers fabricated in polymers. This novel fiber possesses unique characteristics: a diameter of 50 µm that would allow a high mechanical compatibility with commercially available polymer optical fibers, a difference of effective index between neighbor OAM modes of around 10−4 over a bandwidth from 1 to 1.6 µm, propagation losses of approximately 15 × 10−3 dB/m for all OAM modes, and a very low dispersion for OAM higher order modes (±l = 16) of up to +2.5 ps/km-nm compared with OAM lower order modes at a telecom wavelength of 1.3 µm, in which the CYTOP exhibits a minimal attenuation. The spectra of mutual coupling coefficients between modes are computed considering small bends of up to 3 cm of radius and slight ellipticity in the ring of up to 5%. Results show lower-charge weights for higher order OAM modes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Optical Applications II)
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19 pages, 2907 KiB  
Article
Strong Plasmon–Exciton Coupling in Ag Nanoparticle—Conjugated Polymer Core-Shell Hybrid Nanostructures
by Christopher E. Petoukhoff, Keshav M. Dani and Deirdre M. O’Carroll
Polymers 2020, 12(9), 2141; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12092141 - 19 Sep 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3498
Abstract
Strong plasmon–exciton coupling between tightly-bound excitons in organic molecular semiconductors and surface plasmons in metal nanostructures has been studied extensively for a number of technical applications, including low-threshold lasing and room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates. Typically, excitons with narrow resonances, such as J-aggregates, are [...] Read more.
Strong plasmon–exciton coupling between tightly-bound excitons in organic molecular semiconductors and surface plasmons in metal nanostructures has been studied extensively for a number of technical applications, including low-threshold lasing and room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates. Typically, excitons with narrow resonances, such as J-aggregates, are employed to achieve strong plasmon–exciton coupling. However, J-aggregates have limited applications for optoelectronic devices compared with organic conjugated polymers. Here, using numerical and analytical calculations, we demonstrate that strong plasmon–exciton coupling can be achieved for Ag-conjugated polymer core-shell nanostructures, despite the broad spectral linewidth of conjugated polymers. We show that strong plasmon–exciton coupling can be achieved through the use of thick shells, large oscillator strengths, and multiple vibronic resonances characteristic of typical conjugated polymers, and that Rabi splitting energies of over 1000 meV can be obtained using realistic material dispersive relative permittivity parameters. The results presented herein give insight into the mechanisms of plasmon–exciton coupling when broadband excitonic materials featuring strong vibrational–electronic coupling are employed and are relevant to organic optoelectronic devices and hybrid metal–organic photonic nanostructures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Optical Applications II)
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12 pages, 3812 KiB  
Article
Robust Polymer Planar Bragg Grating Sensors Embedded in Commercial-Grade Composites
by Stefan Kefer, Theresia Sauer, Steffen Hessler, Michael Kaloudis, Bernhard Schmauss and Ralf Hellmann
Polymers 2020, 12(3), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030715 - 23 Mar 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2819
Abstract
This contribution demonstrates the functionality of polymer planar Bragg grating (PPBG) sensors integrated into commercial-grade carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) components. Multiple CFRP specimens are generated by curing a stack of pre-impregnated fibers inside of a heated mechanical press, exposing the polymer sensor [...] Read more.
This contribution demonstrates the functionality of polymer planar Bragg grating (PPBG) sensors integrated into commercial-grade carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) components. Multiple CFRP specimens are generated by curing a stack of pre-impregnated fibers inside of a heated mechanical press, exposing the polymer sensor to a pressure of 7 bar and a temperature of 120 °C for 2 h. After integration, the sensor still exhibits a strong and evaluable signal. Subsequent flexural experiments reveal a linear response of the integrated sensor’s Bragg wavelength to the CFRP specimen’s maximum deflection. Additional findings demonstrate that the embedded PPBG can be used to detect plastic deformations of a CFRP workpiece, whereas a linear correlation of plastic deformation to the resulting Bragg signal offset is determined. A plausibility check of the obtained results is delivered by a comparison of three-point flexural experiments on bulk CFRP workpieces, without integrated sensors and additional specimens featuring external optical sensors affixed to their surface. It is found that PPBGs based on cyclic olefin copolymers are able to overcome the temperature-related limitations of traditional polymer-based optical sensors and can thus be directly integrated into commercial-grade composites during production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Materials for Optical Applications II)
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