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Polymers
Special Issues
Photosensitive Systems for Polymers Synthesis
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Photosensitive Systems for Polymers Synthesis

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 September 2023) | Viewed by 9330

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Janina Kabatc

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: functional dyes - synthesis, photophysics and photochemistry; sensitizers in the photopolymerization process; dyes as fluorescent probes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Safe light sources emitting from near-UV to visible light are used in many photosensitive processes. One of them is a photopolymerization reaction that has received remarkable interest in recent decades. Photopolymerization transforms a monomer into a polymer via a chain reaction initiated by reactive species: radicals or ions generated from the photosensitive compounds after irradiation with UV-Vis-NIR light. Such a process has many advantages, including low energy consumption, high rates of process, and no need to use organic solvents. Currently, light-emitting diodes are extensively applied for photopolymerization as safe environment-friendly sources that are cheap, have low energy consumption, and a long lifetime. The spectral sensitivity of processes may be extended to longer wavelengths through the introduction of photosensitive additives named photoinitiators.

In this issue, new developments in high-performance photosensitive systems that can be activated from UV to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths and their potential applications are presented. 

Dr. Janina Kabatc
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photosensitizer
  • initiator
  • photosensitive materials
  • properties
  • application

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5976 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Photostabilization of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) in the Presence of Tin–Cephalexin Complexes
by Rafid R. Arraq, Angham G. Hadi, Dina S. Ahmed, Gamal A. El-Hiti, Benson M. Kariuki, Amani A. Husain, Muna Bufaroosha and Emad Yousif
Polymers 2023, 15(3), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15030550 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1777
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, has many attractive properties, including low cost of manufacture, resistance to acid and alkali corrosion, and ease of molding. However, PVC suffers from aging in harsh conditions, leading to the shortening of its useful life. Stability to irradiation, for example, [...] Read more.
Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, has many attractive properties, including low cost of manufacture, resistance to acid and alkali corrosion, and ease of molding. However, PVC suffers from aging in harsh conditions, leading to the shortening of its useful life. Stability to irradiation, for example, can be improved through the incorporation of additives to PVC. The design, synthesis, and application of new stabilizers continue to attract attention. The current work investigates the effect of three tin–cephalexin complexes on the stability of PVC on irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light (λ = 313 nm) at 25 °C for a long duration. The PVC was blended with tin–cephalexin complexes at low concentrations (0.5% by weight), and thin films (around 40 µm) were made from the mixed materials. Various methods, including weight loss, infrared spectroscopy, and surface inspection of irradiated films were used to investigate the role played by these additives in the inhibition of PVC photodecomposition. The results confirmed that the additives led to a significant reduction in the rate of photodecomposition of the PVC blends. Tin–cephalexin complexes can absorb harmful radiation, deactivate hydrogen chloride, and scavenge high-energy species such as peroxides, therefore acting as stabilizers for PVC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photosensitive Systems for Polymers Synthesis)
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10 pages, 2008 KiB  
Communication
Photophysical Properties of Linked Zinc Phthalocyanine to Acryloyl Chloride:N-vinylpyrrolidone Copolymer
by Tamara Potlog, Ion Lungu, Pavel Tiuleanu and Stefan Robu
Polymers 2021, 13(24), 4428; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13244428 - 17 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1933
Abstract
This paper focuses on the linking of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) to N-vinylpyrrolidone (N-VP): acryloyl chloride (ClAC) copolymer. The synthesis of binary N-VP:ClAC copolymer was performed by the radical polymerization method and then grafted to ZnPc by the Friedel Crafts [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on the linking of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) to N-vinylpyrrolidone (N-VP): acryloyl chloride (ClAC) copolymer. The synthesis of binary N-VP:ClAC copolymer was performed by the radical polymerization method and then grafted to ZnPc by the Friedel Crafts acylation reaction. We have developed a water-soluble ZnPc:ClAC:N-VP photosensitizer with a narrow absorption band at 970 nm, fluorescence at λem = 825 nm and the decay fluorescence profile with 3-decay relatively longer times of 1.2 µs, 4.6 µs, and 37 µs. The concentration-dependent dark cytotoxicity investigated in normal fibroblasts (NHDF), malignant melanoma (MeWo), adenocarcinoma (HeLa), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines incubated to increased concentrations of ZnPc:ClAC:N-VP (up to 40 μM) for 24 h in the dark show low cytotoxicity. Maximum cell viability in HeLa and HepG2 tumor cell lines was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photosensitive Systems for Polymers Synthesis)
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Review

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28 pages, 9524 KiB  
Review
Latest Advances in Highly Efficient Dye-Based Photoinitiating Systems for Radical Polymerization
by Alicja Balcerak, Janina Kabatc-Borcz, Zbigniew Czech and Marcin Bartkowiak
Polymers 2023, 15(5), 1148; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051148 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2027
Abstract
Light-activated polymerization is one of the most important and powerful strategies for fabrication of various types of advanced polymer materials. Because of many advantages, such as economy, efficiency, energy saving and being environmentally friendly, etc., photopolymerization is commonly used in different fields of [...] Read more.
Light-activated polymerization is one of the most important and powerful strategies for fabrication of various types of advanced polymer materials. Because of many advantages, such as economy, efficiency, energy saving and being environmentally friendly, etc., photopolymerization is commonly used in different fields of science and technology. Generally, the initiation of polymerization reactions requires not only light energy but also the presence of a suitable photoinitiator (PI) in the photocurable composition. In recent years, dye-based photoinitiating systems have revolutionized and conquered the global market of innovative PIs. Since then, numerous photoinitiators for radical polymerization containing different organic dyes as light absorbers have been proposed. However, despite the large number of initiators designed, this topic is still relevant today. The interest towards dye-based photoinitiating systems continues to gain in importance, which is related to the need for new initiators capable of effectively initiating chain reactions under mild conditions. In this paper we present the most important information about photoinitiated radical polymerization. We describe the main directions for the application of this technique in various areas. Attention is mainly focused on the review of high-performance radical photoinitiators containing different sensitizers. Moreover, we present our latest achievements in the field of modern dye-based photoinitiating systems for the radical polymerization of acrylates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photosensitive Systems for Polymers Synthesis)
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17 pages, 3050 KiB  
Review
Modification of Covalent Triazine-Based Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
by Jijia Xie, Zhiping Fang and Hui Wang
Polymers 2022, 14(7), 1363; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071363 - 27 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2807
Abstract
The conversion of solar energy and water to hydrogen via semiconductor photocatalysts is one of the efficient strategies to mitigate the energy and environmental crisis. Conjugated polymeric photocatalysts have advantages over their inorganic counterparts. Their molecular structures, band structures, and electronic properties are [...] Read more.
The conversion of solar energy and water to hydrogen via semiconductor photocatalysts is one of the efficient strategies to mitigate the energy and environmental crisis. Conjugated polymeric photocatalysts have advantages over their inorganic counterparts. Their molecular structures, band structures, and electronic properties are easily tunable through molecular engineering to extend their spectral response ranges, improve their quantum efficiencies, and enhance their hydrogen evolution rates. In particular, covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) present a strong potential for solar-driven hydrogen generation due to their large continuous π-conjugated structure, high thermal and chemical stability, and efficient charge transfer and separation capability. Herein, synthesis strategies, functional optimization, and applications in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of CTFs since the first investigation are reviewed. Finally, the challenges of hydrogen generation for CTFs are summarized, and the direction of material modifications is proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photosensitive Systems for Polymers Synthesis)
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