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Polymers
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Novel Chitin/Chitosan
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Novel Chitin/Chitosan

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomacromolecules, Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2022) | Viewed by 7063

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Liqing Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
Interests: bio-transformation; synthetic biology; polysaccharide; antimicrobial activity; chitosan; lactobacillus; immunomodulation
Dr. Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
Interests: polysaccharide; antimicrobial activity; chitosan; lactobacillus; immunomodulation
Dr. Muhammad Umair

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
Interests: food science; lactobacillus; polysaccharide; thermal treatment; non-thermal treatment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chitosan, a rather abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide, is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer widely applied in bio-medicine, cosmetics, the chemical industry, the food industry, and the environmental field. The extensive application of such a polymer is due to the presence of functional groups that are easily editable with different molecules in order to obtain materials with new or improved properties. Chitosan is also one of the most used excipients in pharmaceutical formulations thanks to its mucoadhesive and enhanced penetration properties as well as to its ability to make the drug more available. It is also known as an immunological enhancer. As such, it is an ideal candidate to be applied in different structural forms and for different purposes as an antimicrobial agent. Moreover, the use of chitosan nanoparticles as a drug delivery system offers many advantages because chitosan is non-toxic and does not require any hazardous solvents. It enables the controlled release of active agents and, due to the presence of amino groups, it has readily available sites for crosslinking and modification and, most importantly, it has a mucoadhesive character, which increases residual time at the site of absorption. Recently, considerable research effort has been made in order to develop safe and efficient chitosan-based products. For this purpose, different chitosan derivatives were synthesized or combined with other polymers or inorganic particles. Macromolecular solutions and micro- and nanoparticle dispersions/suspensions were developed as functional agents themselves or as coating for different polymer materials such as catheters, tampons, wound dressings, vascular grafts, packaging material, magnetic nanoparticles, etc. New material may also be provided from chitosan bulk solutions, such as, for example, the electrospinning of chitosan-based fibers. Despite the fact that numerous data have drawn attention to chitosan-based applications in the pharmaceutical, textile, food, and biomedical fields as well as for cleaning technologies and other fields, there are only a few chitosan-based material products on the market. Due to chitosan’s great and universal properties as well as the opportunity to use different chitosan derivates resulting in different functionalities, there is still a big challenge to combine chitosan with other organic and inorganic materials to establish novel composite, chitosan-based materials as safe and efficient chitosan products for a variety of uses. This Special Issue is dedicated to recent novel and innovative contributions in the field of chitosan-based (composite) material products. These may concern products for a variety of uses, describing formulation development and manufacturing processes of these kinds of composite materials as well as the characterization and efficiency of them and their properties and applications. Risks associated with the scaling-up of recently developed products may also be pointed out. Contributions from PhD students and post-doc and young investigators from different research fields will be welcome.

We particularly take an interest in original papers and reviews that report the relevance of chitosan-based formulations and composites in the design and fabrication of medical devices, drug delivery systems, food packaging, and water purification systems.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Chitosan-based systems for medical devices;
  • Chitosan-based systems for food packaging;
  • Chitosan-based systems for drug delivery;
  • Chitosan-based micro- and nano-composites;
  • Structure–property relationships in composites based on chitosan;
  • Biomedical applications of chitosan-based composites;
  • Chitosan-based antimicrobial and/or antioxidant systems;
  • Chitosan-based systems for environmental applications.

Prof. Dr. Liqing Zhao
Dr. Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
Dr. Muhammad Umair
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chitin
  • chitosan
  • chitosan-based composite materials

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2201 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Release of pH-Sensitive β-Cyclodextrin Derivative Micelles Loaded with Paclitaxel
by Meirong Zhao, Weiwei Jiang, Xinrong Xie, Yogini Jaiswal, Leonard Williams, Mei Wei, Ying Mo, Yifu Guan and Hua Yang
Polymers 2022, 14(12), 2482; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14122482 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1629
Abstract
In this paper, a new amphiphilic mono-6-β-cyclodextrin octadecylimine (6-β-CD-N-ODMA) copolymer was synthesized based on β-cyclodextrin and octadecylamine, which can self-assemble to form polymeric micelles. Drug-loaded micelles (a new drug carrier) were obtained using 6-β-CD-N-ODMA and paclitaxel (PTX) by the dialysis method. Orthogonal experiments [...] Read more.
In this paper, a new amphiphilic mono-6-β-cyclodextrin octadecylimine (6-β-CD-N-ODMA) copolymer was synthesized based on β-cyclodextrin and octadecylamine, which can self-assemble to form polymeric micelles. Drug-loaded micelles (a new drug carrier) were obtained using 6-β-CD-N-ODMA and paclitaxel (PTX) by the dialysis method. Orthogonal experiments were used to optimize the preparation method of the drug-loaded micelles. The drug-loading content of the carrier prepared by the optimized method was 1.97%. The physicochemical properties of blank micelles and drug-loaded micelles were evaluated by the fluorescence probe method, infrared spectra, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy. The release properties of the carrier were investigated. The carrier has good pH sensitivity and the cumulative release rate after 96 h was 88% in PBS (pH = 5.0). The Ritger–Peppas equation is the optimal model for PTX released at pH 5.0, implying that the hydrolysis effect of 6-β-CD-N-ODMA is the main reason for PTX release. The results indicate that the developed carrier can increase the solubility of PTX and possess potential for increased clinical efficacy of PTX. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Chitin/Chitosan)
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12 pages, 4352 KiB  
Article
Optimizing and Quantifying Gold Nanospheres Based on LSPR Label-Free Biosensor for Dengue Diagnosis
by Sajid Farooq, Faiz Wali, Denise Maria Zezell, Renato E. de Araujo and Diego Rativa
Polymers 2022, 14(8), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14081592 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2578
Abstract
The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) due to light–particle interaction and its dependence on the surrounding medium have been widely manipulated for sensing applications. The sensing efficiency is governed by the refractive index-based sensitivity (ηRIS) and the full [...] Read more.
The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) due to light–particle interaction and its dependence on the surrounding medium have been widely manipulated for sensing applications. The sensing efficiency is governed by the refractive index-based sensitivity (ηRIS) and the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the LSPR spectra. Thereby, a sensor with high precision must possess both requisites: an effective ηRIS and a narrow FWHM of plasmon spectrum. Moreover, complex nanostructures are used for molecular sensing applications due to their good ηRIS values but without considering the wide-band nature of the LSPR spectrum, which decreases the detection limit of the plasmonic sensor. In this article, a novel, facile and label-free solution-based LSPR immunosensor was elaborated based upon LSPR features such as extinction spectrum and localized field enhancement. We used a 3D full-wave field analysis to evaluate the optical properties and to optimize the appropriate size of spherical-shaped gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). We found a change in Au NPs’ radius from 5 nm to 50 nm, and an increase in spectral resonance peak depicted as a red-shift from 520 nm to 552 nm. Using this fact, important parameters that can be attributed to the LSPR sensor performance, namely the molecular sensitivity, FWHM, ηRIS, and figure of merit (FoM), were evaluated. Moreover, computational simulations were used to assess the optimized size (radius = 30 nm) of Au NPs with high FoM (2.3) and sharp FWHM (44 nm). On the evaluation of the platform as a label-free molecular sensor, Campbell’s model was performed, indicating an effective peak shift in the adsorption of the dielectric layer around the Au NP surface. For practical realization, we present an LSPR sensor platform for the identification of dengue NS1 antigens. The results present the system’s ability to identify dengue NS1 antigen concentrations with the limit of quantification measured to be 0.07 μg/mL (1.50 nM), evidence that the optimization approach used for the solution-based LSPR sensor provides a new paradigm for engineering immunosensor platforms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Chitin/Chitosan)
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11 pages, 3675 KiB  
Article
Effect of Squid Cartilage Chitosan Molecular Structure on the Properties of Its Monofilament as an Absorbable Surgical Suture
by Yongxin Tan, Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka, Zekai Ke, Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish, Wenjing Deng, Jiaying Li, Wenqian Qin, Liqing Zhao and Yiguang Wu
Polymers 2022, 14(7), 1306; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071306 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2159
Abstract
Suture is an important part of surgery, and wounds closing after surgery remains a challenge for postoperative care. Currently, silk, linen fiber, and cotton are available in the market as non-absorbable suture biomaterials. So, there is an urgent need to develop a novel [...] Read more.
Suture is an important part of surgery, and wounds closing after surgery remains a challenge for postoperative care. Currently, silk, linen fiber, and cotton are available in the market as non-absorbable suture biomaterials. So, there is an urgent need to develop a novel suture with advantageous characteristics compared to the ones available on the market. In present study, a series of ultra-high molecular weight chitosan with different DD and MV were prepared from squid cartilage by alkaline treatment and ultrasonic degradation. The corresponding chitosan monofilaments were prepared by a wet spinning process and were characterized as sutures. The effects of the DD and MV of chitosan on the properties of its monofilament were studied, including surface morphology, mechanical property, swelling ratio, ash content, in vitro enzymatic degradation, and in vitro cytotoxicity. According to the results, AS-85 was chosen to be the best suitable as an absorbable surgical suture, which was spun from squid cartilage chitosan with DD~85% and MV~1.2 × 106. The outcome of the present study might derive tremendous possibilities for the utilization of squid cartilage β-chitin for biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Chitin/Chitosan)
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