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Polymers
Special Issues
Hybrid and Composite Polymer Materials
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Hybrid and Composite Polymer Materials

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Analysis and Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2023) | Viewed by 4183

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Miljana Mirković

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Guest Editor
Department of Materials, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: materials; geopolymer materials; calcium phosphates; crystallography; mineralogy
Dr. Snežana Nenadović

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: geopolymers; green materials; building materials; recycling; soil remediation; raw materials; polymers; alkali-activated materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ljiljana Kljajević

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: composite materials; geopolymers; green materials; recycling; hybrid inorganic/organic; alkali-activated materials; thermal stability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polymer materials with various physical and chemical properties are used in a wide range of areas of application, such as medicine, industry, and biology. Some polymer materials also have significant environmental protection and construction and building applications. This Special Issue invites papers from scientific researchers focused on the synthesis, characterization, and application of composite polymer materials, inorganic polymers, also known as geopolymers, and organic–inorganic so-called hybrid polymer materials. Polymeric materials with rare earth elements or phosphates incorporated in their structure are also of significant interest. Papers detailing the acquisition of geopolymer materials from secondary sources or waste materials with high contents of silicon and aluminum with organic components in a geopolymer matrix for use as CO2 catchers, flame-retardant materials, and construction materials are encouraged, as are those exploring innovative, energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and simple methods of synthesizing such materials.

Dr. Miljana Mirković
Dr. Snežana Nenadović
Dr. Ljiljana Kljajević
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hybrid polymers
  • geopolymers
  • rare earth
  • phosphates
  • flame retardancy
  • construction materials
  • CO2 capturing

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3747 KiB  
Article
Effects of Synthesis Parameters on Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of Bacterial Cellulose/Hydroxyapatite/TiO2 Polymer–Ceramic Composite Material
by Aleksandra Sknepnek, Suzana Filipović, Vladimir B. Pavlović, Nemanja Mirković, Dunja Miletić, Jelena Gržetić and Miljana Mirković
Polymers 2024, 16(4), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16040470 - 7 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 890
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly pure polysaccharide biopolymer that can be produced by various bacterial genera. Even though BC lacks functional properties, its porosity, three-dimensional network, and high specific surface area make it a suitable carrier for functional composite materials. In the [...] Read more.
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly pure polysaccharide biopolymer that can be produced by various bacterial genera. Even though BC lacks functional properties, its porosity, three-dimensional network, and high specific surface area make it a suitable carrier for functional composite materials. In the present study, BC-producing bacteria were isolated from kombucha beverage and identified using a molecular method. Two sets of the BC hydrogels were produced in static conditions after four and seven days. Afterwards, two different synthesis pathways were applied for BC functionalization. The first method implied the incorporation of previously synthesized HAp/TiO2 nanocomposite using an immersion technique, while the second method included the functionalization of BC during the synthesis of HAp/TiO2 nanocomposite in the reaction mixture. The primary goal was to find the best method to obtain the functionalized material. Physicochemical and microstructural properties were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FTIR, and XRD methods. Further properties were examined by tensile test and thermogravimetric analysis, and antimicrobial activity was assessed by a total plate count assay. The results showed that HAp/TiO2 was successfully incorporated into the produced BC hydrogels using both methods. The applied methods of incorporation influenced the differences in morphology, phase distribution, mechanical and thermal properties, and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 12453), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). Composite material can be recommended for further development and application in environments that are suitable for diseases spreading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid and Composite Polymer Materials)
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16 pages, 6381 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Activity and Stability of Heteroatom-Doped Carbon/Bimetal Oxide for Efficient Water-Splitting Reaction
by Thirukumaran Periyasamy, Shakila Parveen Asrafali, Ayoung Jang, Seong-Cheol Kim and Jaewoong Lee
Polymers 2023, 15(17), 3588; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15173588 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 990
Abstract
The research community is actively exploring ways to create cost-efficient and high-performing electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. In this investigation, an innovative technique was employed to produce heteroatom-doped carbon containing NiCo oxides, i.e., HC/NiCo oxide@800, in the form of a three-dimensional hierarchical [...] Read more.
The research community is actively exploring ways to create cost-efficient and high-performing electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. In this investigation, an innovative technique was employed to produce heteroatom-doped carbon containing NiCo oxides, i.e., HC/NiCo oxide@800, in the form of a three-dimensional hierarchical flower. This method involved the reduction of a bimetallic (Ni, Co) metal–organic framework, followed by carefully controlled oxidative calcination. The resulting porous flower-like structure possess numerous advantages, such as expansive specific surface areas, excellent conductivity, and multiple electrocatalytic active sites for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Moreover, the presence of oxygen vacancies within HC/NiCo oxide@800 significantly enhances the conductivity of the NiCo substance, thus expediting the kinetics of both the processes. These benefits work together synergistically to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of HC/NiCo oxide@800. Empirical findings reveal that HC/NiCo oxide@800 electrocatalysts demonstrate exceptional catalytic activity, minimal overpotential, and remarkable stability when deployed for both hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline environments. This investigation introduces a fresh avenue for creating porous composite electrocatalysts by transforming metal–organic frameworks with controllable structures. This approach holds promise for advancing electrochemical energy conversion devices by facilitating the development of efficient and customizable electrocatalytic materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid and Composite Polymer Materials)
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15 pages, 5818 KiB  
Article
Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen-Rich Porous Carbon/NiMn Hybrids Using Efficient Water-Splitting Reaction
by Thirukumaran Periyasamy, Shakila Parveen Asrafali, Seong-Cheol Kim and Jaewoong Lee
Polymers 2023, 15(14), 3116; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15143116 - 21 Jul 2023
Viewed by 795
Abstract
Proper design of multifunctional electrocatalyst that are abundantly available on earth, cost-effective and possess excellent activity and electrochemical stability towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are required for effective hydrogen generation from water-splitting reaction. In this context, the work [...] Read more.
Proper design of multifunctional electrocatalyst that are abundantly available on earth, cost-effective and possess excellent activity and electrochemical stability towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are required for effective hydrogen generation from water-splitting reaction. In this context, the work herein reports the fabrication of nitrogen-rich porous carbon (NRPC) along with the inclusion of non-noble metal-based catalyst, adopting a simple and scalable methodology. NRPC containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms were synthesized from polybenzoxazine (Pbz) source, and non-noble metal(s) are inserted into the porous carbon surface using hydrothermal process. The structure formation and electrocatalytic activity of neat NRPC and monometallic and bimetallic inclusions (NRPC/Mn, NRPC/Ni and NRPC/NiMn) were analyzed using XRD, Raman, XPS, BET, SEM, TEM and electrochemical measurements. The formation of hierarchical 3D flower-like morphology for NRPC/NiMn was observed in SEM and TEM analyses. Especially, NRPC/NiMn proves to be an efficient electrocatalyst providing an overpotential of 370 mV towards OER and an overpotential of 136 mV towards HER. Moreover, it also shows a lowest Tafel slope of 64 mV dec−1 and exhibits excellent electrochemical stability up to 20 h. The synergistic effect produced by NRPC and bimetallic compounds increases the number of active sites at the electrode/electrolyte interface and thus speeds up the OER process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid and Composite Polymer Materials)
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14 pages, 2666 KiB  
Article
Design of PEI and Amine Modified Metakaolin-Brushite Hybrid Polymeric Composite Materials for CO2 Capturing
by Miljana Mirković, Muge Sari Yilmaz, Ljiljana Kljajević, Vladimir Pavlović, Marija Ivanović, Dunja Djukić and Tarik Eren
Polymers 2023, 15(7), 1669; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15071669 - 27 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1151
Abstract
In this paper, the properties of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials, which were synthesized from an aluminosilicate inorganic matrix with the addition of brushite and aminosilane grafted on one side and PEI covalently bonded composites on the other side, were examined. The synthesized organic-inorganic [...] Read more.
In this paper, the properties of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials, which were synthesized from an aluminosilicate inorganic matrix with the addition of brushite and aminosilane grafted on one side and PEI covalently bonded composites on the other side, were examined. The synthesized organic-inorganic hybrid polymers were examined in terms of a structural, morphological, thermo-gravimetric, and adsorption-desorption analysis and also as potential CO2 capturers. The structural and phase properties as well as the percentage contents of the crystalline and amorphous phase were determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The higher content of the amorphous phase in the structure of hybrid polymers was proven in metakaolin and metakaolin-brushite hybrid samples with the addition of amino silane and with 1,000,000 PEI in a structure. The DRIFT method showed the main band changes with the addition of an organic phase and inorganic matrix. Microstructural studies with the EDS analysis showed a uniform distribution of organic and inorganic phases in the hybrid geopolymers. The thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that organic compounds are successfully bonded to inorganic polymer matrix, while adsorption-desorption analysis confirmed that the organic phase completely covered the surface of the inorganic matrix. The CO2 adsorption experiments showed that the amine-modified composites have the higher capture capacity, which is 0.685 mmol·g−1 for the GM10 sample and 0.581 mmol·g−1 for the BGM10 sample, with 1,000,000 PEI in the structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid and Composite Polymer Materials)
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