Advances in Crop Irrigation System and Management

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Physiology and Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2026) | Viewed by 2624

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
Interests: soil; water; plant management

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Guest Editor
Departament of Fundamental and Social Science, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
Interests: fruit science; mineral nutrition; stress

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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
Interests: soil; water; plant management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growing global demand for food, coupled with increasing water scarcity and the impacts of climate change, places unprecedented pressure on irrigated agriculture. Traditional irrigation methods are often insufficient to meet these challenges, necessitating a paradigm shift towards more intelligent, efficient, and sustainable water management systems. True advancement lies not only in developing new technologies but also in their integration with deep ecological and physiological understanding.

This Special Issue, "Advances in Crop Irrigation System and Management", aims to showcase research at the forefront of this transformation. We invite contributions that connect cutting-edge engineering and data science with fundamental plant biology and soil science. We are particularly interested in studies that explore precision irrigation through AI and IoT, innovative strategies like controlled deficit irrigation, the safe use of non-conventional water resources, and the physiological and molecular responses of plants to different irrigation regimes. Our goal is to assemble a collection of high-impact works that provide actionable solutions and chart a course toward a future of resilient and resource-efficient agriculture.

The Special Issue should also include research involving the use of Artificial Intelligence as an essential tool for promoting sustainability in the rural production sector, such as the use of machine learning algorithms that can predict optimal water and nutrient intake and monitor irrigation systems, enabling the greater efficiency/optimization of water resource use. It is important to highlight the applicability of Artificial Intelligence in the use of sensors to collect field data of various types, from crop water needs to pest attacks, assisting producers in decision-making.

In arid and semiarid regions of the world, irregular and low-intensity rainfall prevails throughout the year, in addition to high evapotranspiration demands, which directly impact water bodies with high salt content. The use of this water in irrigated agriculture results in saline and water stress for crops. Therefore, to enable irrigated agriculture to fulfill its important role as a food and fiber supplier to the global population, this Special Issue hopes to contribute to the dissemination of ongoing research aimed at developing advanced technologies to mitigate saline and water stress in irrigated crop cultivation.

Finally, it should be noted that in addition to scientific articles, this Special Issue welcomes the submissions of literature reviews, considering these to be of paramount importance for supporting the development of future research, while also providing significant benefits to authors in terms of the potential for increased citations of their scientific work.

Dr. Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo
Dr. Walter Esfrain Pereira
Dr. Vera Lucia Antunes de Lima
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • precision irrigation
  • water use efficiency (WUE)
  • remote sensing
  • internet of things (IoT)
  • machine learning
  • water stress
  • physiology salinity management
  • deficit irrigation
  • non-conventional
  • water resources

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

36 pages, 2661 KB  
Article
Effects of a Hydrogel Polymer on the Physiology and Antioxidant Activity of Naturally Colored Cotton Cultivars Under Water Deficit
by Edilene Daniel de Araújo, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares, Geovani Soares de Lima, Kheila Gomes Nunes, Denis Soares Costa, Allesson Ramos de Souza, Nadiana Praça de Souza, Lucyelly Dâmela Araújo Borborema, Thiago Filipe de Lima Arruda, Francisco de Assis da Silva, André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva, Jailton Garcia Ramos, Viviane Farias Silva, Alberto Soares de Melo, Hans Raj Gheyi and Luciano Marcelo Fallé Saboya
Plants 2026, 15(4), 667; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15040667 - 23 Feb 2026
Viewed by 591
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydrogel polymer application on the antioxidant activity and physiological performance of colored-fiber cotton cultivars grown under different levels of water restriction. Two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. In the first experiment, [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydrogel polymer application on the antioxidant activity and physiological performance of colored-fiber cotton cultivars grown under different levels of water restriction. Two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. In the first experiment, the effects of the hydrogel polymer, cultivars, and irrigation replacement levels were evaluated; in the second, the residual effect of the hydrogel polymer applied in the first experiment was assessed using the same cultivars and irrigation depths. Water restriction negatively affected relative water content, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and antioxidant activity, and increased electrolyte leakage in cotton cultivars. Water deficit reduced relative water content, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and antioxidant activity, while increasing electrolyte leakage in the cultivars. However, hydrogel polymer application up to 6.5 g dm−3 of soil and its residual effect in subsequent cycles were beneficial. The polymer increased relative water content and antioxidant activity, in addition to improving gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, suggesting maintenance of plant physiological health. Residual polymer doses also enhanced relative water content, antioxidant activity, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence in plants during Experiment II. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Crop Irrigation System and Management)
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16 pages, 1269 KB  
Article
Exogenous Magnesium Application as a Salinity Mitigator in Cashew Genotypes
by Alexandre Xavier de Oliveira, Paulo Cássio Alves Linhares, Gabriel Sidharta dos Santos Rego, Rita de Cássia do Nascimento Medeiros-Sá, Luan Cordeiro de Souza Barbosa, Janildo Pereira da Silva Júnior, Diogo Santos Cavalcante, Alex Alvares da Silva, Edivan da Silva Nunes Júnior, Kleane Targino Oliveira Pereira, Miguel Ferreira Neto, Salvador Barros Torres, Tayd Dayvison Custódio Peixoto, Alberto Soares de Melo and Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá
Plants 2026, 15(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010037 - 22 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), native to northeastern Brazil, holds significant socioeconomic value, but its cultivation is limited by salinity, which is common in semiarid regions. This study evaluates foliar magnesium (Mg) application as a strategy to mitigate salinity stress in cashew seedlings. [...] Read more.
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), native to northeastern Brazil, holds significant socioeconomic value, but its cultivation is limited by salinity, which is common in semiarid regions. This study evaluates foliar magnesium (Mg) application as a strategy to mitigate salinity stress in cashew seedlings. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with two genotypes (CCP 76 and AT01), two irrigation salinity levels (0.5 and 2.5 dS m−1), and three Mg doses (0, 1, and 2 mL L−1). Salinity reduced growth, physiological parameters, and stomatal conductance. Foliar Mg application, particularly at 1 mL L−1, alleviated these effects by increasing root dry mass, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and intrinsic water-use efficiency, especially in genotype AT01. The 2 mL L−1 dose showed inconsistent responses, suggesting toxicity. Overall, Mg application mitigates salinity effects in cashew, with efficiency dependent on genotype and dose, and AT01 demonstrating greater tolerance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Crop Irrigation System and Management)
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26 pages, 6659 KB  
Article
Foliar Application of Selenium in Mitigating Salinity Stress on the Physiology, Growth, and Yield of Okra
by Allesson Ramos de Souza, Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo, Lucyelly Dâmela Araújo Borborema, Geovani Soares de Lima, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares, André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva, Kheila Gomes Nunes, Denis Soares Costa, Pedro Henrique Duarte Durval, Thiago Filipe de Lima Arruda, Rosany Duarte Sales, Pâmela Monique Valões da Cruz, Brendo Júnior Pereira Farias, Hans Raj Gheyi, Vera Lúcia Antunes de Lima and Jailton Garcia Ramos
Plants 2026, 15(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010021 - 20 Dec 2025
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of selenium concentrations in mitigating salt stress on the physiology, growth, and yield of okra plants irrigated with brackish water. Treatments consisted of four irrigation water salinity levels (ECw: 0.4, 1.3, 2.2, and 3.1 dS m [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of selenium concentrations in mitigating salt stress on the physiology, growth, and yield of okra plants irrigated with brackish water. Treatments consisted of four irrigation water salinity levels (ECw: 0.4, 1.3, 2.2, and 3.1 dS m−1) combined with four selenium concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 mg L−1), arranged in a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates and one plant per plot. Increasing irrigation water salinity from 0.4 dS m−1 reduced relative water content, gas exchange, initial chlorophyll a fluorescence, plant growth, and production of okra, while increasing the percentage of electrolyte leakage. Irrigation Water salinity levels above 0.4 dS m−1 impaired plant water status, gas exchange, growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence, yield, and water-use efficiency, while increasing electrolyte leakage. Salinity above 1.0 dS m−1 also inhibited photosynthetic pigment synthesis. Selenium did not mitigate salinity-induced reductions in chlorophyll and carotenoids. However, foliar Se at 8.6–15 mg L−1 enhanced gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, growth, and fruit yield under salinity up to 3.1 dS m−1. These results support Se induced attenuation of salinity stress, warranting further mechanistic studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Crop Irrigation System and Management)
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