Molecular Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies for Heavy Metal Stress Decoding in Crop Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant–Soil Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 841

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa
Interests: biotechnology; heavy metals; ionomics; phytobacteriology; phytoremediation; signaling molecules
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthadithjaba 9866, South Africa
Interests: biotechnology; heavy metals; metabolomics; plant-microbe interaction; plant science; signaling molecules

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil, arising from both natural and anthropogenic activities, poses a severe threat to global food security and ecosystem health. The presence of metals such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury inhibits crucial plant processes, including seed germination, photosynthetic efficiency, and nutrient uptake, primarily through the induction of oxidative stress and disruption of enzymatic functions. Addressing this challenge requires a deep understanding of plant defense mechanisms at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular level. This Special Issue aims to highlight cutting-edge research that elucidates these intricate tolerance mechanisms: from signaling pathways and gene regulation to metal homeostasis and detoxification. Furthermore, we encourage submissions to explore innovative mitigation strategies designed to bolster crop resilience. This includes advances in genetic engineering, the application of beneficial microorganisms, the use of soil amendments, and the development of priming techniques. We welcome original research, reviews, and short communications that contribute to the development of sustainable solutions for alleviating heavy metal stress in crops, ultimately aiming to ensure food safety and support sustainable agricultural practices in contaminated environments.

Prof. Dr. Marshall Keyster
Dr. Arun Gokul
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • antioxidant defense
  • crop plant tolerance
  • genetic engineering
  • heavy metal stress
  • ion homeostasis
  • molecular mechanisms
  • phytohormone signaling
  • phytoremediation
  • omics approaches
  • oxidative stress
  • stress priming
  • sustainable agriculture

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

23 pages, 10771 KB  
Review
Melatonin Enhances Crop Tolerance to Aluminum Toxicity in Acid Soils: A Comprehensive Review
by Muhammad Usman, Qing Li, Xinqi Peng, Yongxiu Xing, Muhammad Farooq and Dengfeng Dong
Plants 2026, 15(10), 1465; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15101465 - 11 May 2026
Viewed by 368
Abstract
Soil acidity is a major constraint in many agricultural regions, where increased aluminum (Al3+) solubility at low pH severely affects plant health by inhibiting root elongation, disrupting nutrient uptake, and inducing oxidative stress. Recent studies have highlighted melatonin, a widely occurring [...] Read more.
Soil acidity is a major constraint in many agricultural regions, where increased aluminum (Al3+) solubility at low pH severely affects plant health by inhibiting root elongation, disrupting nutrient uptake, and inducing oxidative stress. Recent studies have highlighted melatonin, a widely occurring indoleamine with strong antioxidant and stress-modulating properties, which alleviates Al-induced damage in crops. This review synthesizes current physiological, biochemical, and agronomic evidence demonstrating that exogenous melatonin enhances plant tolerance to aluminum toxicity. Across multiple model and crop species, melatonin application has been shown to improve root elongation by 20–45%, reduce lipid peroxidation by 30–60%, and enhance key antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POD, and CAT by 25–70% under Al stress. Case studies in soybean, wheat, maize, and rice further indicate that melatonin protects root meristems from oxidative damage, stabilizes photosynthetic machinery, and improves nutrient acquisition. In acidic soils (pH 4.5), melatonin-treated soybean exhibited 28% greater biomass and 15–22% higher N and P uptake, while wheat plants demonstrated 10–18% higher grain filling under field-simulated Al stress. Emerging long-term studies show that melatonin also benefits soil health. Multi season experiments reveal that melatonin enhances root exudates that support beneficial rhizosphere microbes, increases soil enzymatic activities (urease, phosphatase) by 20–35%, and lowers exchangeable Al by 12–18%. These improvements contribute to cumulative yield gains of 10–18% over successive cropping cycles. Additionally, genetic approaches aimed at increasing endogenous melatonin levels in plants have demonstrated 12–30% yield improvement in acid soil conditions. This review highlights the need for multi-year, multi-location studies to further clarify how melatonin can support sustainable agricultural practices, enhance soil fertility, and mitigate aluminum toxicity in acid-affected regions. Full article
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