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Pharmaceutics
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Advances in Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Interactions, 2nd Edition
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Advances in Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Interactions, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 8727

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kyeong-Ryoon Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
Interests: pharmacokinetics; physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation; pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling and simulation; drug–drug interaction (DDI); in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yoon-Jee Chae

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun 55338, Republic of Korea
Interests: pharmacokinetics; drug interactions; transrpoters; CYP450 induction; pharmacokinetic alteractions in disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are important evaluation steps for understanding the behavior of drugs and their efficacy after administration in drug development. Drug interaction studies are also essential in drug development, and aid in the preparation of drug development strategies in clinical studies. In conventional studies, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug interactions have been considered as purely analytical tools, but these days they are applied to predict drug properties in inter-species studies, including in humans, along with model-based approaches. These research studies have increased in number, leading to new technologies or platforms being introduced; therefore, it is expected that various research outputs will be reported.

We invite research scientists who study pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug interactions to submit original research articles, review articles or commentaries. This Special Issue will provide researchers with information and an up-to-date resource.

Dr. Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
Dr. Yoon-Jee Chae
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceutics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pharmacokinetics
  • pharmacodynamics
  • PK/PD modeling
  • drug–drug interactions
  • PBPK model
  • drug delivery
  • drug development

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 3293 KiB  
Article
X-Ray Irradiation Induces Oxidative Stress and Upregulates Intestinal Nrf2-Mrp2 Pathway, Leading to Decreased Intestinal Absorption of Valsartan
by Yunhua Teng, Jiaojiao Ma, Junxia Zhang, Bohan Liang, Aijie Zhang, Yanjie Li, Shiqi Dong and Huirong Fan
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(2), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17020268 - 17 Feb 2025
Viewed by 563
Abstract
Background: It has been documented that radiation can influence the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy drugs, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In clinical practice, a considerable number of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy, and those with comorbid hypertension required antihypertensive drugs, including valsartan, an [...] Read more.
Background: It has been documented that radiation can influence the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy drugs, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In clinical practice, a considerable number of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy, and those with comorbid hypertension required antihypertensive drugs, including valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker. However, there is no research investigating whether radiotherapy poses a risk of altering the pharmacokinetics. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of X-ray abdominal irradiation on the pharmacokinetics of valsartan and to preliminarily elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods: The pharmacokinetics of valsartan after X-ray irradiation was investigated in rats and in vitro by detecting the concentration of valsartan in biological samples by LC-MS/MS. The oxidative stress in the intestine and the mRNA expression of partial transporters and Nrf2 in the liver and small intestine were detected by biochemical reagent kit or RT-qPCR. Results: In vivo studies showed that X-ray irradiation resulted in a significant decrease in the AUC and Cmax of valsartan, and the cumulative fractional excretion of valsartan in bile and urine, although there was no significant change in fecal excretion. In vitro studies showed that the uptake of valsartan by both intestine and Caco-2 cells decreased after irradiation, and the cellular uptake could be restored by Mrp2 inhibitor MK571. The levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT in the intestine decreased after irradiation. The mRNA expressions of Mrp2 and P-gp in the intestine or Caco-2 cells were significantly upregulated after irradiation while there was a downregulation of Mrp2 and oatp1b2 in liver. Nrf2 and HO-1 in the intestine were also significantly upregulated, which clarified the involvement of Mrp2 and the possible molecular mechanism. Conclusions: Abdominal X-ray irradiation can cause oxidative stress and upregulate intestinal Mrp2, which may be related to oxidative stress and upregulation of Nrf2, reducing intestinal absorption of valsartan and leading to a significant decrease in the blood concentration of valsartan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Interactions, 2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 239 KiB  
Article
Drug–Drug Interactions in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
by Thorsten Bischof, Christoph Schaller, Nina Buchtele, Thomas Staudinger, Roman Ullrich, Felix Kraft, Marine L. Andersson, Bernd Jilma and Christian Schoergenhofer
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(3), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16030303 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1572
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a potential life-threatening, heterogenous, inflammatory lung disease. There are no data available on potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) in critically ill patients with ARDS. This study analyzed pDDIs in this specific cohort and aimed to investigate possible associations [...] Read more.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a potential life-threatening, heterogenous, inflammatory lung disease. There are no data available on potential drug–drug interactions (pDDIs) in critically ill patients with ARDS. This study analyzed pDDIs in this specific cohort and aimed to investigate possible associations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an underlying cause of ARDS and treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with the occurrence of pDDIs. This retrospective study included patients ≥18 years of age diagnosed with ARDS between January 2010 and September 2021. The Janusmed database was used for the identification of pDDIs. A total of 2694 pDDIs were identified in 189 patients with a median treatment duration of 22 days. These included 323 (12%) clinically relevant drug combinations that are best avoided, corresponding to a median rate of 0.05 per day. There was no difference in the number of pDDIs between COVID-19- and non-COVID-19-associated ARDS. In patients treated with ECMO, the rate of the most severely graded pDDIs per day was significantly higher compared with those who did not require ECMO. PDDIs occur frequently in patients with ARDS. On average, each patient may encounter at least one clinically relevant drug combination that should be avoided during their intensive care unit stay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Interactions, 2nd Edition)
8 pages, 753 KiB  
Communication
Influence of Intramuscular Injection Sites on Pharmacokinetics of Amoxicillin in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and Its Implication for Antibacterial Efficacy
by Ji-Hoon Lee, Ga-Won Kim, Hyun-Woo Kang, Joo-Won Hong, Hyo-Eun Lee, Mun-Gyeong Kwon and Jung-Soo Seo
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(4), 1153; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041153 - 5 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2499
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different injection sites, including dorsal, cheek, and pectoral fin muscles, on the pharmacological properties of amoxicillin (AMOX) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after a single intramuscular (IM) injection of 40 mg/kg. The AMOX [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different injection sites, including dorsal, cheek, and pectoral fin muscles, on the pharmacological properties of amoxicillin (AMOX) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after a single intramuscular (IM) injection of 40 mg/kg. The AMOX concentration was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, followed by a non-compartmental model analysis. The peak serum concentrations (Cmax) achieved 3 h after dorsal, cheek, and pectoral fin IM injections were 202.79, 203.96, and 229.59 μg/mL, respectively. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was 1697.23, 2006.71, and 1846.61 µg/mL·h, respectively. The terminal half-life (t1/2λZ) was prolonged for cheek and pectoral fin IM injections (10.12 and 10.33 h, respectively) compared to dorsal IM injection (8.89 h). In the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis, a higher T > minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and AUC/MIC values were observed after AMOX was injected into the cheek and pectoral fin muscles compared to the dorsal muscle. Muscle residue depletion was below the maximum residue level from day 7 after IM injection at all three sites. These findings suggest that the cheek and pectoral fin sites provide advantages regarding systemic drug exposure and prolonged action compared with the dorsal site. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Interactions, 2nd Edition)
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Review

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26 pages, 951 KiB  
Review
Drug Interaction-Informed Approaches to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management
by Kyeong-Ryoon Lee, Aneela Gulnaz and Yoon-Jee Chae
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(11), 1431; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111431 - 10 Nov 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2529
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and chronic condition that requires the use of various pharmacological agents for its management. Despite advancements in IBD research, the multifaceted mechanisms involved continue to pose significant challenges for strategic prevention. Therefore, it is crucial to [...] Read more.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and chronic condition that requires the use of various pharmacological agents for its management. Despite advancements in IBD research, the multifaceted mechanisms involved continue to pose significant challenges for strategic prevention. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize safe and effective treatment strategies using the currently available pharmacological agents. Given that patients with IBD often require multiple medications due to combination therapy or other underlying conditions, a comprehensive understanding of drug interactions is essential for optimizing treatment regimens. In this review, we examined the pharmacological treatment options recommended in the current IBD management guidelines and provided a comprehensive analysis of the known pharmacokinetic interactions associated with these medications. In particular, this review includes recent research results for the impact of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) on the concentrations of biological agents used in IBD treatment. By leveraging detailed interaction data and employing personalized dosing strategies, healthcare providers can improve therapeutic outcomes and minimize adverse effects, ultimately improving the quality of care for patients with IBD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Interactions, 2nd Edition)
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