Novel Therapeutic Agents and Innovative Delivery Systems Against Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Delivery and Controlled Release".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 6189

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Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V, 44, 00165 Rome, Italy
Interests: drug delivery; medicinal chemistry; drug discovery and development; antimycobacterial agents; antiviral agents; tuberculosis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Innovative therapeutics against infectious diseases are urgently needed. The lack of a strong pipeline of anti-infective drugs, coupled with the rising prevalence of resistant and emerging pathogens, has led to a worldwide health crisis over the last decade, posing a serious threat to global health systems worldwide. To address these challenges, novel approaches to infectious disease drug development are required. This Special Issue sets out to explore cutting-edge advancements in the discovery of new novel therapeutic agents and innovative drug delivery systems against infectious diseases, particularly those targeting emerging and resistant pathogens. We aim to highlight breakthroughs in the development of small molecules, biologics, vaccines, and advanced drug delivery systems, such as nanocarriers, lipid-based formulations, and targeted delivery strategies.  

We welcome the submission of original research articles and reviews that advance our understanding and treatment of infectious diseases through novel therapies and innovative delivery strategies. The aim is to bring together diverse perspectives from pharmaceutical sciences, including drug discovery, formulation chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and preclinical/clinical development, with a focus on translational research to meet unmet needs in the treatment of infectious diseases. 

Dr. Sara Consalvi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • medicinal chemistry
  • antibacterials
  • antivirals
  • antimicrobials
  • drug resistance
  • drug delivery
  • drug candidate
  • drug repurposing

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 1594 KB  
Article
Dual Core-Shell Loaded Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles as Combination Anti-Infective Delivery Platforms
by Valeria Carini, Giulia Scagnetti, Joanne Foulkes, Katie Evans, Imran Saleem and Sarah Gordon
Pharmaceutics 2026, 18(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18010013 - 22 Dec 2025
Viewed by 653
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The growing threat posed by antimicrobial resistance to worldwide public health highlights the urgent need not only for new anti-infective candidates, but also for innovative formulation strategies capable of mediating effective delivery of anti-infective compounds. The current study, therefore, aimed to demonstrate [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The growing threat posed by antimicrobial resistance to worldwide public health highlights the urgent need not only for new anti-infective candidates, but also for innovative formulation strategies capable of mediating effective delivery of anti-infective compounds. The current study, therefore, aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of formulating lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) with dual loading of both core and shell compartments for combination anti-infective delivery. Methods: LPHNPs containing the antibiotic cefotaxime within a chitosan polymer core and the novel antimicrobial peptide RN7IN6 within a bacteria-mimicking lipid shell were produced by microfluidic mixing, and optimized with respect to parameters including total flow rate, flow rate ratio, and lipid concentration. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime and RN7IN6 co-incorporated in LPHNPs were assessed as a preliminary indicator of antibacterial efficacy. Results: Uniformly nanosized LPHNPs were produced, with maximized loading of cefotaxime and RN7IN6 within particle cores and shells, respectively. Empty LPHNPs showed an appreciable antibacterial activity, particularly against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, while RN7IN6 was indicated to enhance cefotaxime activity against E. coli when both actives were incorporated in LPHNPs. Conclusions: The current findings clearly demonstrate the feasibility of formulating LPHNPs for core-shell co-encapsulation and delivery of anti-infectives. The promising antibacterial efficacy of co-loaded LPHNPs warrants further in-depth investigation to determine the extent of co-loaded LPHNP applications as combination anti-infective delivery platforms. Full article
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Review

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33 pages, 1610 KB  
Review
Advancing Tuberculosis Treatment with Next-Generation Drugs and Smart Delivery Systems
by Ayman Elbehiry, Eman Marzouk and Adil Abalkhail
Pharmaceutics 2026, 18(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18010060 - 1 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious killer, increasingly complicated by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) disease; current regimens, although effective, are prolonged, toxic, and often fail to reach intracellular bacilli in heterogeneous lung lesions. This narrative review synthesizes how next-generation antimycobacterial strategies [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious killer, increasingly complicated by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) disease; current regimens, although effective, are prolonged, toxic, and often fail to reach intracellular bacilli in heterogeneous lung lesions. This narrative review synthesizes how next-generation antimycobacterial strategies can be translated “from molecule to patient” by coupling potent therapeutics with delivery platforms tailored to the lesion microenvironment. We survey emerging small-molecule classes, including decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose 2′-epimerase (DprE1) inhibitors, mycobacterial membrane protein large 3 (MmpL3) inhibitors, and respiratory chain blockers, alongside optimized uses of established agents and host-directed therapies (HDTs). These are mapped to inhalable and nanocarrier systems that improve intralesional exposure, macrophage uptake, and targeted release while reducing systemic toxicity. Particular emphasis is placed on pulmonary dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and aerosols for direct lung targeting, stimuli-responsive carriers that trigger release through pH, redox, or enzymatic cues, and long-acting depots or implants that shift daily dosing to monthly or quarterly schedules to enhance adherence, safety, and access. We also outline translational enablers, including model-informed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) integration, device formulation co-design, manufacturability, regulatory quality frameworks, and patient-centered implementation. Overall, aligning stronger drugs with smart delivery platforms offers a practical pathway to shorter, safer, and more easily completed TB therapy, improving both individual outcomes and public health impact. Full article
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38 pages, 4260 KB  
Review
Therapeutic and Formulation Advances of Ivermectin in Veterinary and Human Medicine
by Nicezelle Gernandt, Chanri Wentzel, Daniélle van Staden, Wilna Liebenberg, Hendrik J. R. Lemmer and Minja Gerber
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(11), 1384; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17111384 - 25 Oct 2025
Viewed by 4130
Abstract
The treatment of parasitic infections has evolved in terms of effectiveness and the prevention of drug resistance. This is highlighted by the discovery of ivermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone and broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent. IVM garnered scientific attention by presenting a therapeutic alternative in [...] Read more.
The treatment of parasitic infections has evolved in terms of effectiveness and the prevention of drug resistance. This is highlighted by the discovery of ivermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone and broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent. IVM garnered scientific attention by presenting a therapeutic alternative in the field of veterinary medicine due to its control of multiple parasite species, including nematodes and soil-transmitted helminths. Shortly after its discovery, IVM was approved for human use by the World Health Organization (WHO) and United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for combating head lice, onchocerciasis, rosacea, scabies, and worm infestations within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In veterinary medicine, IVM is available in a range of formulations and can be administered via different routes (i.e., oral, topical, and parenteral), whereas for humans, IVM is only approved as a single oral dose and dermal cream. Establishing a comprehensive overview of IVM’s applications in both human and veterinary medicine is necessary, particularly in light of its repurposing potential as a treatment for various conditions and emerging diseases. Given its primary application in veterinary medicine, there is a need to enhance the development of dosage forms suitable for human use. Therefore, this review details the discovery, mechanisms, and applications of IVM, while also examining the challenges of resistance, side-effects, and controversy surrounding its use, to ultimately emphasize the importance of targeted, optimized IVM delivery via tailored dosage form development in animals and humans as part of the One Health approach to interlink innovations across veterinary and human medicine fields. Full article
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