Pathogens and Toxigenic Contaminants in Food Supply

A Special Issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2026 | Viewed by 699

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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Study of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Interests: food microbiology; foodborne pathogens; antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial tolerance; antimicrobial persistence
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pathogens and toxigenic contaminants in the food supply represent a major concern for global public health and food safety. Foodborne microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and toxin-producing fungi, may contaminate foods at different stages of the production chain, from primary production to processing, distribution, and consumption. These hazards can lead to a wide range of foodborne diseases, ranging from mild gastrointestinal illness to severe infections and long-term health consequences.

Understanding the factors that influence microbial contamination, survival, and toxin production in different food matrices is essential for developing effective monitoring and control strategies. The interaction between microorganisms and intrinsic and extrinsic food parameters, such as pH, water activity, composition, and processing conditions, plays a crucial role in determining microbial behavior and food safety outcomes.

These aspects are particularly relevant considering both traditional food products and the increasing diversity of novel and innovative food preparations, whose microbiological dynamics and safety implications may still require further investigation.

This Special Issue welcomes original research articles, reviews, and case studies addressing the occurrence, detection, monitoring, and control of pathogens and toxigenic contaminants in the food supply, with the aim of improving food safety and protecting public health.

This Special Issue will accept contributions addressing topics such as the following:

  • Occurrence of foodborne pathogens in the food supply
  • Toxigenic microorganisms and mycotoxins in food
  • Detection and monitoring methods for foodborne hazards
  • Microbial dynamics in different food matrices
  • Influence of intrinsic factors (e.g., pH, water activity) on microbial growth
  • Food safety of ready-to-eat, traditional, and innovative food products
  • Emerging pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in food systems
  • Strategies for the prevention and control of microbial contamination in food production

Dr. Luca Nalbone
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • foodborne pathogens
  • toxigenic contaminants
  • food safety
  • microbial contamination
  • foodborne toxins

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1099 KB  
Article
Pathogen Behaviour and Survival Dynamics of Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes During the Ripening of ‘Nduja, a Traditional Spreadable Fermented Sausage
by Salvatore Pennisi, Luca Nalbone, Mattia Pino, Filippa Lamberta, Graziella Ziino and Alessandro Giuffrida
Pathogens 2026, 15(6), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15060606 - 5 Jun 2026
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Abstract
This study investigated the behavior of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932 during the ripening of ‘Nduja, a traditional spreadable fermented sausage for which quantitative microbiological data remain limited. An experimental challenge test was conducted under pilot-plant [...] Read more.
This study investigated the behavior of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932 during the ripening of ‘Nduja, a traditional spreadable fermented sausage for which quantitative microbiological data remain limited. An experimental challenge test was conducted under pilot-plant conditions simulating artisanal production, with products inoculated with the three pathogens and monitored over a 28-day ripening period. Microbiological analyses were performed at defined time points, alongside pH and water activity measurements, and inactivation kinetics were modelled using linear and non-linear approaches. The results showed a pathogen-dependent response to the combined antimicrobial hurdles of the process. Salmonella Typhimurium was declined to levels below the detection limit by day 28 (–7.10 log CFU/g), while E. coli O157:H7 showed a progressive reduction (–3.61 log CFU/g) but persisted at detectable levels. L. monocytogenes exhibited the highest resistance, with only a limited reduction (–1.32 log CFU/g); however, no net growth was observed throughout the ripening period, indicating that the product environment did not support its growth. The ripening process was characterized by decreasing pH and water activity, driven by lactic acid bacteria growth, with no differences between inoculated and control samples. Non-linear models provided the best fit to the survival data, highlighting the presence of resistant subpopulations. Overall, the results suggest that ‘Nduja ripening creates conditions unfavorable for sustained pathogen proliferation, although the extent of microbial reduction differed among the investigated microorganisms. These findings provide useful data for the microbiological characterization of this traditional product and may support future risk assessment and process validation studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogens and Toxigenic Contaminants in Food Supply)
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16 pages, 2129 KB  
Systematic Review
Dominance of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in Foodborne Outbreaks: A 19-Year Systematic Review of Surveillance Data in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
by Bayu Satria Wiratama, Arifah Alfi Maziyya, A’yun Hafisyah Wafi, Erica Yunita Trisnawati, Moch. Thoriq Assegaf Al-Ayubi, Shabrina Riskya Madjid, Sri Purwanti, Likke Prawidya Putri and Chih-Wei Pai
Pathogens 2026, 15(9), 936; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15090936 - 4 Sep 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Foodborne diseases account for the majority of infectious disease outbreaks in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, yet remain underexplored epidemiologically. This systematic review aimed to characterize the epidemiological patterns and risk factors of foodborne disease outbreaks in this region between 2006 and 2024. Methods: This [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Foodborne diseases account for the majority of infectious disease outbreaks in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, yet remain underexplored epidemiologically. This systematic review aimed to characterize the epidemiological patterns and risk factors of foodborne disease outbreaks in this region between 2006 and 2024. Methods: This systematic review searched electronic databases and grey literature published between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2024. Eligible studies were reported in English or Indonesian and used descriptive or environmental observational designs. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Searching, screening, and data coding were performed independently by the reviewers. The review followed PRISMA reporting guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251060794). Results: Of 841 studies screened, 99 met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently identified pathogens were Bacillus cereus (43.43%) and Staphylococcus aureus (34.34%), associated with 101 and 97 hospitalizations, respectively. Improper post-cooking storage (77.00%) was the leading contributing factor for Bacillus cereus outbreaks, whereas unsafe food processing practices (76.00%) predominated for Staphylococcus aureus outbreaks. Individual unregistered catering services accounted for the largest proportion of outbreaks. Conclusions: Public health strategies should prioritize strengthening food handlers’ capacity during food processing and post-cooking storage, particularly among individual informal catering services, to sharpen foodborne disease control efforts in Yogyakarta. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogens and Toxigenic Contaminants in Food Supply)
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