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Current Vaccine Strategies and Novel Vaccine Development for Bluetongue Virus...
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Current Vaccine Strategies and Novel Vaccine Development for Bluetongue Virus and Other Orbiviruses

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines and Therapeutic Developments".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 9198

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Peter Mertens

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Guest Editor
One Virology, The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Interests: double stranded RNA viruses; bluetongue virus; orbiviruses; arboviruses; arthropod vector; mammalian hosts; innate immunity; structural biology; vaccines; genomics; virus taxonomy; virus identification technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Houssam Attoui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, Department of Animal Health, UMR1161 Virologie, INRAE-Anses-ENVA, 94700 Maisons-Alort, France
Interests: arboviruses; arthropod vectors; mammalian hosts; innate immunity; orbiviruses; vaccines; virus genetics and reverse genetic; structural biology; genomics; bluetongue virus; virus taxonomy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sushila Maan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Haryana 125001, India
Interests: animal biotechnology; molecular virology; molecular epidemiology; microbial biotechnology; virus genetics; microbial genomic and proteomics (microbial biotechnology) and vaccinology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Livestock diseases of major economic importance can be caused by orbiviruses, including bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease in ruminants, and African horse sickness in equids. These arboviruses, which exist as multiple distinct serotypes, can be transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Bluetongue is endemic in many regions around the world and in recent decades, it has caused severe disease outbreaks (including fatalities and teratogenic effects) both in endemic regions and after emergence in new areas (including Europe), which are possibly related to the effects of climate change on arthopod vector distribution and activity. Outbreak regions, which clearly contain Culicoides vector species, may also be at risk of incursions by African horse sickness, epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses and other orbiviruses. Outbreaks of bluetongue and African horse sickness have been successfully controlled by vaccination with live attenuated or inactivated vaccines, although protection is primarily serotype-specific.

The scope of this Special Issue of Pathogens includes interdisciplinary research concerning the immune responses to orbivirus infections and vaccines, helping to support the development of more effective, long-lasting, cross-serotype protection, using attenuated, genetically modified, inactivated or sub-unit vaccines. It will also consider review articles that summarize state-of-the-art information, providing further insights into the current and future threats and the importance and effectiveness of appropriate vaccines and vaccination strategies (along with assays to distiguish infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA)).

Prof. Dr. Peter Mertens
Dr. Houssam Attoui
Prof. Dr. Sushila Maan
Guest Editors

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • orbivirus
  • bluetongue virus
  • African horse sickness virus
  • epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus
  • innate immunity
  • vaccine
  • vaccination strategies
  • sub-unit vaccines
  • vectored vaccines
  • inactivated vaccines
  • modified live vaccines
  • attenuated vaccines
  • cross-serotype vaccines
  • cytotoxic T cells
  • neutralizing antibodies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3169 KiB  
Article
In Silico Development of a Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine against Bluetongue Virus in Ovis aries Using Immunoinformatics
by Priyansha Raj Sinha, Shubhada R. Hegde, Ruchika Mittal, Chikkamagaluru Chandrashekhar Jagat, Ullas Gowda, Rathna Chandrashekhar, Gayathri Muthaiah, Samer Shamshad, Mohammed Mudassar Chanda, Vishweshwar Ganji, Kalyani Putty and Divakar Hemadri
Pathogens 2024, 13(11), 944; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110944 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1451
Abstract
The bluetongue virus (BTV), transmitted by biting midges, poses a significant threat to livestock globally. This orbivirus induces bluetongue disease, leading to substantial economic losses in the agricultural sector. The current control measures have limitations, necessitating the development of novel, efficient vaccines. In [...] Read more.
The bluetongue virus (BTV), transmitted by biting midges, poses a significant threat to livestock globally. This orbivirus induces bluetongue disease, leading to substantial economic losses in the agricultural sector. The current control measures have limitations, necessitating the development of novel, efficient vaccines. In this study, an immunoinformatics approach is employed to design a multi-epitope subunit vaccine for Ovis aries targeting six BTV serotypes. Focusing on the VP2 capsid protein, the vaccine incorporates B-cell, helper-T lymphocytes (HTL), and cytotoxic T-cell lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes. Molecular docking reveals stable interactions with TLR2 and TLR4 receptors, suggesting the stability of the complex, indicating the potential viability of the multi-epitope vaccine. The computational approach offers a rapid and tailored strategy for vaccine development, highlighting potential efficacy and safety against BTV outbreaks. This work contributes to understanding BTV and presents a promising avenue for effective control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Vaccine Strategies and Novel Vaccine Development for Bluetongue Virus and Other Orbiviruses)
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18 pages, 3161 KiB  
Article
Bluetongue Risk Map for Vaccination and Surveillance Strategies in India
by Mohammed Mudassar Chanda, Bethan V. Purse, Luigi Sedda, David Benz, Minakshi Prasad, Yella Narasimha Reddy, Krishnamohan Reddy Yarabolu, S. M. Byregowda, Simon Carpenter, Gaya Prasad and David John Rogers
Pathogens 2024, 13(7), 590; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13070590 - 16 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2004
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV, Sedoreoviridae: Orbivirus) causes an economically important disease, namely, bluetongue (BT), in domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. BTV is endemic to South India and has occurred with varying severity every year since the virus was first reported in 1963. [...] Read more.
Bluetongue virus (BTV, Sedoreoviridae: Orbivirus) causes an economically important disease, namely, bluetongue (BT), in domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. BTV is endemic to South India and has occurred with varying severity every year since the virus was first reported in 1963. BT can cause high morbidity and mortality to sheep flocks in this region, resulting in serious economic losses to subsistence farmers, with impacts on food security. The epidemiology of BTV in South India is complex, characterized by an unusually wide diversity of susceptible ruminant hosts, multiple vector species biting midges (Culicoides spp., Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), which have been implicated in the transmission of BTV and numerous co-circulating virus serotypes and strains. BT presence data (1997–2011) for South India were obtained from multiple sources to develop a presence/absence model for the disease. A non-linear discriminant analysis (NLDA) was carried out using temporal Fourier transformed variables that were remotely sensed as potential predictors of BT distribution. Predictive performance was then characterized using a range of different accuracy statistics (sensitivity, specificity, and Kappa). The top ten variables selected to explain BT distribution were primarily thermal metrics (land surface temperature, i.e., LST, and middle infrared, i.e., MIR) and a measure of plant photosynthetic activity (the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, i.e., NDVI). A model that used pseudo-absence points, with three presence and absence clusters each, outperformed the model that used only the recorded absence points and showed high correspondence with past BTV outbreaks. The resulting risk maps may be suitable for informing disease managers concerned with vaccination, prevention, and control of BT in high-risk areas and for planning future state-wide vector and virus surveillance activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Vaccine Strategies and Novel Vaccine Development for Bluetongue Virus and Other Orbiviruses)
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14 pages, 2130 KiB  
Article
Increased Clinical Signs and Mortality in IFNAR(−/−) Mice Immunised with the Bluetongue Virus Outer-Capsid Proteins VP2 or VP5, after Challenge with an Attenuated Heterologous Serotype
by Houssam Attoui, Fauziah Mohd Jaafar, Baptiste Monsion, Bernard Klonjkowski, Elizabeth Reid, Petra C. Fay, Keith Saunders, George Lomonossoff, David Haig and Peter P. C. Mertens
Pathogens 2023, 12(4), 602; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040602 - 15 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2929
Abstract
Bluetongue is an economically important disease of domesticated and wild ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). There are at least 36 different serotypes of BTV (the identity of which is determined by its outer-capsid protein VP2), most of which are transmitted by Culicoides [...] Read more.
Bluetongue is an economically important disease of domesticated and wild ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). There are at least 36 different serotypes of BTV (the identity of which is determined by its outer-capsid protein VP2), most of which are transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. IFNAR(−/−) mice immunised with plant-expressed outer-capsid protein VP2 (rVP2) of BTV serotypes -1, -4 or -8, or the smaller outer-capsid protein rVP5 of BTV-10, or mock-immunised with PBS, were subsequently challenged with virulent strains of BTV-4 or BTV-8, or with an attenuated clone of BTV-1 (BTV-1RGC7). The mice that had received rVP2 generated a protective immune response against the homologous BTV serotype, reducing viraemia (as detected by qRT-PCR), the severity of clinical signs and mortality levels. No cross-serotype protection was observed after challenge with the heterologous BTV serotypes. However, the severity of clinical signs, viraemia and fatality levels after challenge with the attenuated strain of BTV-1 were all increased in mice immunised with rVP2 of BTV-4 and BTV-8, or with rVP5 of BTV10. The possibility is discussed that non-neutralising antibodies, reflecting serological relationships between the outer-capsid proteins of these different BTV serotypes, could lead to ‘antibody-dependent enhancement of infection’ (ADE). Such interactions could affect the epidemiology and emergence of different BTV strains in the field and would therefore be relevant to the design and implementation of vaccination campaigns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Vaccine Strategies and Novel Vaccine Development for Bluetongue Virus and Other Orbiviruses)
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Review

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16 pages, 1570 KiB  
Review
The Potential of Plant-Produced Virus-like Particle Vaccines for African Horse Sickness and Other Equine Orbiviruses
by Kieran G. Pitchers, Oliver D. Boakye, Ivan Campeotto and Janet M. Daly
Pathogens 2024, 13(6), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13060458 - 28 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2019
Abstract
African horse sickness is a devastating viral disease of equids. It is transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides with mortalities reaching over 90% in naïve horses. It is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and is seasonally endemic in many parts of southern [...] Read more.
African horse sickness is a devastating viral disease of equids. It is transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides with mortalities reaching over 90% in naïve horses. It is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and is seasonally endemic in many parts of southern Africa. However, outbreaks in Europe and Asia have occurred that caused significant economic issues. There are attenuated vaccines available for control of the virus but concerns regarding the safety and efficacy means that alternatives are sought. One promising alternative is the use of virus-like particles in vaccine preparations, which have the potential to be safer and more efficacious as vaccines against African horse sickness. These particles are best made in a complex, eukaryotic system, but due to technical challenges, this may cause significant economic strain on the developing countries most affected by the disease. Therefore, this review also summarises the success so far, and potential, of recombinant protein expression in plants to reduce the economic strain of production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Vaccine Strategies and Novel Vaccine Development for Bluetongue Virus and Other Orbiviruses)
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