Understanding HIV Pathogenesis and Targeting for the Prevention and Cure

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 666

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Microbiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
Interests: vaccine; drug design; HIV envelope; HIV entry; HIV entry inhibitors
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since its discovery in the early 1980s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been the focus of extensive research efforts, with the aim of understanding it and combating the global health challenge that it poses. Decades of scientific inquiry have profoundly enhanced our knowledge of this virus's pathogenesis and life cycle, laying a robust foundation for therapeutic advancements. These insights have catalyzed the development of numerous antiretroviral drugs, each designed to target distinct stages of the HIV replication process.

The translation of these discoveries into clinical practice has revolutionized HIV treatment. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), in particular, has emerged as a cornerstone of care, dramatically enhancing both the life expectancy and quality of life for individuals living with HIV. Despite these advances, the fight against HIV/AIDS is far from over. Ongoing research in vaccine development and treatment approaches such as gene therapy offer hope for future breakthroughs in HIV prevention and treatment.

For this Special Issue, we invite researchers to contribute original research findings and comprehensive review articles, showcasing cutting-edge work in the field of HIV science. By fostering the exchange of knowledge and ideas, we aim to further advance the global efforts to address the challenges posed by HIV/AIDS.

Dr. Saumya Anang
Dr. Karolina Akinosoglou
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • HIV
  • AIDS
  • pathogenesis
  • treatment
  • antiretroviral drugs

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 847 KiB  
Article
The Prevalence of Pretreatment Drug Resistance and Transmission Networks Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Nanning, Guangxi, China
by Qiuqian Su, Yanjun Li, Ting Huang, Liangjia Wei, Jinfeng He, Yumei Huang, Guidan Mo, Jiao Qin, Chunxing Tao, Xinju Huang, Li Ye, Hao Liang, Bingyu Liang and Jinping Huang
Pathogens 2025, 14(4), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14040336 - 31 Mar 2025
Viewed by 485
Abstract
The scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has markedly increased pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) among newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals. This study aims to assess the prevalence and characteristics of PDR, infer the genetic transmission network, and evaluate the effect of PDR on ART in [...] Read more.
The scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has markedly increased pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) among newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals. This study aims to assess the prevalence and characteristics of PDR, infer the genetic transmission network, and evaluate the effect of PDR on ART in Nanning City, Guangxi. Methods: This study was conducted in the Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning from 2019 to 2023. PDR was estimated using the Stanford algorithm. Genetic transmission networks were inferred by HIV-TRACE and visualized with Cytoscape. Logistic regression identified PDR-related factors. The Cox proportional hazards model assessed the impact of drug resistance on virological and immunological failure. Among 234 participants, the prevalence of PDR was 8.97%. CRF07_BC (35.9%), CRF-01AE (27.35%), and CRF08_BC (23.9%) were the top three HIV-1 strains. Resistance to non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, and integrase strand-transfer inhibitors was 4.27%, 2.56%, 1.28%, and 0.43%, respectively. Overall, 21.37% of the participants exhibited drug resistance mutations (DRMs). Homosexuals were less likely to have PDR compared to heterosexuals ([aOR] 0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.86). In the genetic network, V179D/E was also the most frequent DRM. Additionally, the incidence of virological failure (19.23%) and immune failure (20.09%) after one year of treatment did not show significant differences in different drug resistance groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of PDR in Nanning City is moderate, driven largely by the V179D and K103N mutations. The cross-transmission networks emphasize the imperative of PDR testing and targeted interventions. Full article
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