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The Role of Nutrition and Other Lifestyle Factors in Shaping Human Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2026 | Viewed by 1518

Special Issue Editors

School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
Interests: maternal and infant health; nutrition and cancer prevention; the prevention, intervention and risk assessment of chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity) through nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Institute of Biotechnology and Health, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
Interests: maternal and infant health; human nutriomics; proteomics; glycoproteomics; nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global advances in science, technology, and the economy have driven widespread lifestyle changes around the world. Lifestyle changes primarily include nutrition, physical activity and emotion, with examples including processed foods, reduced physical activity, widespread sleep loss, and rising psychosocial stress. These lifestyle factors have collectively fueled a global epidemic of metabolic disorders. Today, diseases like type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and obesity no longer affect specific groups. They span all ages, from children to older adults, and cut across income levels; they are becoming the primary drivers of chronic non-communicable disease burdens globally. This crisis not only harms individual health but also strains healthcare systems, especially in low- or middle-income countries where resources for disease prevention and management are limited. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on studies determining whether certain lifestyle factors can promote or undermine human health. It is believed that these research findings will provide guidance for identifying modifiable lifestyle factors, ultimately promoting human health.

We invite researchers in relevant fields, particularly those in nutrition, to submit high-quality clinical, epidemiological and implementation studies to this Special Issue.

Dr. Defu Ma
Dr. Jing Zhu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lifestyle
  • behavior
  • nutrition
  • dietary pattern
  • physical activity
  • health

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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19 pages, 1360 KB  
Systematic Review
The Effects of Carnosine on Cognitive Function and Mental Health—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Yung-Fang Hsiao, Zhongqi Fan, Yueh-Yin Fan and Mei Chung
Nutrients 2026, 18(9), 1385; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18091385 - 28 Apr 2026
Viewed by 1174
Abstract
Introduction: Previous research has shown that L-carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) can reduce cognitive decline and improve mental health outcomes, but an updated systematic review of the effects of carnosine alone or in combination with other supplemental nutrients or bioactive compounds on these interconnected outcomes is [...] Read more.
Introduction: Previous research has shown that L-carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) can reduce cognitive decline and improve mental health outcomes, but an updated systematic review of the effects of carnosine alone or in combination with other supplemental nutrients or bioactive compounds on these interconnected outcomes is lacking. Methods: We searched multiple databases from 1 January 2006 to 30 June 2025 for clinical trials evaluating the effects of all forms of carnosine (e.g., L-carnosine, zinc–L-carnosine) alone or in combination with other supplements on cognition, brain structure and function, mood, depression, or quality of life (QOL) outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) 2.0 tool was used to assess the ROB in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). When data were sufficient, random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Strength of evidence (SoE) across studies was rated using the GRADE approach. Results: A total of 13 distinct studies (12 RCTs; 1 single-arm trial) involving healthy adults and patients with psychiatric or neurocognitive disorders were included. Studies were also heterogeneous in carnosine supplement dosage and duration. Overall 58% of included RCTs were rated ‘some concerns’ for ROB. Ten RCTs evaluated cognitive function, seven RCTs and one single-arm trial assessed mood and depression, four RCTs measured QOL, and three RCTs examined brain structure and function. Results from five RCTs found no significant differences in the majority of the cognitive function measures between L-carnosine supplement and placebo, but random-effects meta-analysis of three RCTs from a single research team found that anserine/L-carnosine supplementation significantly improved WMS-LM2 scores (pooled net change = 1.70; 95% CI 0.19, 3.2; I2 = 58.3%) but not WMS–Local Memory Immediate Recall (LM1) scores (pooled net change = 0.76; 95% CI −0.18, 1.71; I2 = 8.5%). Additionally, meta-analysis results showed that L-carnosine combined with anserine or antioxidant supplementation significantly improved the MMSE score compared to placebo (pooled net change = 0.62; 95% CI 0.23, 1.01), with small statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 21.3%). Most of the studies did not show significant effects in a wide range of mood and depression outcome measures or health-related QOL (data cannot be meta-analyzed). Conclusions: A low strength of evidence suggests that L-carnosine supplement combined with anserine or antioxidants can slow cognitive function decline among healthy elderly or patients with probable Alzheimer’s Disease or mild neurocognitive disorder. More high-quality RCTs are needed to verify these findings and to improve the certainty level of this body of evidence. Full article
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