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Nutritional Management and Obesity Resolution Through Bariatric Surgery

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 November 2026 | Viewed by 930

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Department of Morphological and Sociosanitary Sciences, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
Interests: preclinical studies; innervation; regeneration; histology; muscle damage
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity, largely driven by lifestyle changes over recent decades, is now a major global health concern. It is strongly linked to comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and certain cancers, all of which contribute to reduced life expectancy. Traditional strategies including diet, exercise, and pharmacological treatments remain first-line approaches but often fail to achieve significant or lasting weight reduction in severe obesity, with frequent relapses and weight regained.

Bariatric surgery (BS) has become the most effective therapeutic option for individuals with morbid obesity. Procedures such as gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy induce substantial and sustained weight loss, offering a superior benefit–risk ratio compared with nonsurgical methods. Beyond weight reduction, BS improves metabolic parameters, frequently achieves diabetes remission, reduces cardiovascular risks, and enhances both quality of life and psychological well-being. On average, BS extends life expectancy by more than six years compared with conventional therapy.

Optimal outcomes depend on specialized nutritional management before and after surgery to prevent deficiencies and long-term complications. This includes assessing levels of key nutrients and correcting deficits via targeted supplementation or dietary adjustments. The role of preoperative weight loss remains debated: it may ease surgery and reduce risks but can delay treatment. Correcting nutritional status preoperatively appears beneficial, improving both immediate and long-term outcomes by ensuring that the body has adequate reserves for surgical recovery.

This Special Issue will showcase cutting-edge research on preoperative and postoperative nutritional management in bariatric surgery, with a focus on strategies to optimize nutrient balance, prevent deficiencies, and support long-term weight maintenance and metabolic improvement. We welcome original research and review articles that explore evidence-based nutritional assessments, personalized dietary interventions, supplementation protocols, and the impact of nutritional care on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Dr. Irene Cantarero-Carmona
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nutritional management
  • obesity resolution
  • bariatric surgery
  • post-bariatric nutrition
  • weight loss surgery
  • obesity management
  • nutritional support after bariatric surgery
  • bariatric patient care
  • surgical obesity treatment
  • nutrition therapy for bariatric patients

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 1694 KB  
Article
Mid-Term Changes in Quality of Life and Nutritional Habits Following Gastric Bypass: A 24-Month Follow-Up Study
by María Antonia Martínez-Sánchez, Inmaculada Ros-Madrid, Virginia Esperanza Fernández-Ruiz, Rosario Paloma Cano-Mármol, Juan José Hernández-Morante, María Ángeles Núñez-Sánchez, Andrés Balaguer-Román, María Dolores Frutos-Bernal, Antonio José Ruiz-Alcaraz, María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño, Mercedes Ferrer-Gómez and Bruno Ramos-Molina
Nutrients 2026, 18(2), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18020288 - 16 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Obesity is an increasingly concerning public health issue due to its high prevalence and its association with multiple comorbidities. A significant proportion of patients with obesity who undergo bariatric surgery could exhibit suboptimal mid-term outcomes. This study aims to comprehensively assess anthropometric, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Obesity is an increasingly concerning public health issue due to its high prevalence and its association with multiple comorbidities. A significant proportion of patients with obesity who undergo bariatric surgery could exhibit suboptimal mid-term outcomes. This study aims to comprehensively assess anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, nutritional, and quality of life parameters in patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery, with a particular focus on outcomes at 24 months post-surgery to capture mid-term effects that may not be apparent during the first year of follow-up. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 95 patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery (Roux-en Y gastric bypass; RYGB) at the Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (Murcia, Spain) between 2020 and 2023. Participants were followed up at 6, 12, and 24 months after RYGB. The study incorporated anthropometric assessments (BMI, body composition via bioelectrical impedance), full biochemical profiling, dietary analysis (using a validated food frequency questionnaire), and quality of life assessment (SF-36 questionnaire). Results: Our results showed significant weight loss after the intervention, accompanied by improvements in metabolic parameters, and dietary habits. Regarding quality of life, significant improvements were observed in both the physical (baseline: 39.62%; 6 months: 52.40%; 12 months: 53.12%) and mental components (baseline: 42.08; 6 months: 53.40; 12 months: 52.14%) at 6 and 12 months post-surgery. However, our prospective 24-month follow-up revealed that, despite these initial benefits, mental health significantly declined compared with the 12-month follow-up (24 months: 46.85%). In contrast, the physical component remained relatively stable at 24 months (24 months: 50.91%). However, our prospective 24-month follow-up revealed that, despite these initial benefits, there was a decline in mental health compared to the 12-month follow-up. Conclusions: While bariatric surgery is associated with improvements in anthropometric measures and some aspects of quality of life, our findings underscore the need for continued mid-term support to address emerging challenges in mental well-being. Full article
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