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Dietary Patterns and Data Analysis Methods

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition Methodology & Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 106

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: statistical analysis; nutrition; nutritional epidemiology; food frequency questionnaires; questionnaire validation; dietary assessment; food safety; dietary patterns; foodborne diseases

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Guest Editor
Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: food supplements; nutrition; nutritional epidemiology; food safety; botanical safety; nutrient intake; obesity; lifestyle; sport nutrition; food consumption; nutritional status; vitamins; minerals; phytochemicals
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dietary patterns play a crucial role in understanding the relationship between nutrition and health. Unlike single-nutrient approaches, which focus on individual dietary components, the study of dietary patterns considers the overall consumption of foods and their combinations. This holistic perspective allows us to capture the complexity of human diets and their impact on chronic diseases, metabolic health, and overall well-being.

To analyze dietary patterns, various data analysis methods are employed, ranging from traditional statistical techniques to advanced machine learning approaches. Common methods include factor analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify dietary patterns, cluster analysis to classify individuals based on their eating habits, and dietary indices that assess adherence to predefined healthy eating guidelines. Additionally, newer computational methods, such as supervised and unsupervised machine learning models, are increasingly used to uncover complex relationships in dietary data.

Understanding dietary patterns through rigorous data analysis helps inform public health policies, guides nutritional recommendations, and supports personalized nutrition strategies. As data collection methods continue to evolve—through the improvement of food frequency questionnaires, dietary recalls, and digital tracking tools—so do the techniques used to extract meaningful insights from dietary data.

Authors are invited to submit original research articles, narrative or systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials exploring the impact of dietary patterns on health using both conventional and alternative statistical methods. Submissions on food frequency questionnaire validation are also welcome.

Dr. Francesca Iacoponi
Dr. Silvia Di Giacomo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dietary patterns
  • nutrition
  • food consumption
  • food supplements
  • dietary assessment
  • data analysis
  • food safety
  • nutritional epidemiology
  • food frequency questionnaires

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 793 KiB  
Article
Relative Validity and Reproducibility of a Semi-Quantitative Web-Based Food Frequency Questionnaire for Swiss Adults
by Sarah T. Pannen, Elsa Chevillard, Angeline Chatelan, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Silvia Stringhini, Robert Vorburger, Sabine Rohrmann, Nina Steinemann and Janice Sych
Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1555; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091555 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are widely used in large epidemiological studies to assess diet and elucidate its impacts on health. However, they must be validated in the target population before use. Methods: We assessed the relative validity, reproducibility, and usability [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are widely used in large epidemiological studies to assess diet and elucidate its impacts on health. However, they must be validated in the target population before use. Methods: We assessed the relative validity, reproducibility, and usability of the Swiss eFFQ, a web-based, 83-item food frequency questionnaire, using a convenience sample of 177 adults (53.1% females, aged 18–75 years) from German- and French-speaking regions of Switzerland. The participants completed the Swiss eFFQ twice and kept a 4-day estimated food record (4-d FR). The dietary data were compared for energy, nutrient, and food group intakes by calculating mean group-level bias, performing the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, quartile cross-classification, weighted Cohen’s kappa (Kw), and correlation coefficients. Results: The Swiss eFFQ was highly rated by the participants, with a completion time under 35 min, although it tended to underestimate nutrient and food intake compared to the 4-d FR. For 31 of 36 nutrients, fewer than 10% of the participants were classified in opposite quartiles. The median proportion of subjects classified in the same or adjacent quartile was 74.7% (median Kw: 0.25). The median crude and de-attenuated Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.37 and 0.42 for nutrients and 0.45 and 0.52 for food groups, respectively. The median Spearman and intraclass correlation coefficients for the reproducibility of the Swiss eFFQ were 0.70 and 0.69 for nutrients and 0.70 and 0.61 for food groups, respectively. Conclusions: The Swiss eFFQ was shown to be reproducible and user-friendly, with acceptable accuracy in categorizing study participants based on food intake, and offers several advantages for dietary assessment of Swiss adult populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Data Analysis Methods)
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