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Nutrients
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The Impact of Nutrigenomics and Personalized Nutrition on Non-infectious Disease
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The Impact of Nutrigenomics and Personalized Nutrition on Non-infectious Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 July 2025 | Viewed by 3921

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Andrea Maugeri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: epidemiology; biostatistics; public health; prevention; chronic diseases; dietary pattern; nutrigenomics; nutriepigenomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrigenomics and personalized nutrition have emerged as groundbreaking fields in the study of non-infectious diseases. Understanding how individual genetic makeup interacts with dietary factors to influence health outcomes is of paramount importance in modern medicine. This Special Issue aims to delve into the profound impact of nutrigenomics and personalized nutrition on various non-infectious diseases, shedding light on novel insights and potential preventive and therapeutic interventions.

This Special Issue seeks to explore the intersection of nutrigenomics and personalized nutrition with non-infectious diseases. It aims to provide a platform for researchers to share their findings, advancements and perspectives in this rapidly evolving field. The collection of articles will contribute to enhancing our understanding of the intricate relationship between genetics, diet and disease, ultimately paving the way for personalized approaches to prevention and treatment.

We welcome original research articles and reviews covering a broad spectrum of topics within the realm of nutrigenomics and personalized nutrition, as they relate to non-infectious diseases. The potential themes for submissions include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Genetic determinants of dietary response;
  • Nutritional epigenetics and disease susceptibility;
  • Biomarkers for personalized dietary recommendations;
  • Role of gut microbiota in personalized nutrition;
  • Implementation of personalized nutrition in clinical practice;
  • Ethical and societal implications of personalized nutrition.

We encourage researchers and scholars from diverse backgrounds to contribute their valuable insights to this Special Issue.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Andrea Maugeri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrigenomics
  • personalized nutrition
  • non-infectious diseases
  • genetics
  • dietary response
  • epigenetics
  • biomarkers
  • gut microbiota

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 11710 KiB  
Article
Genetic Variants, Bioactive Compounds, and PCSK9 Inhibitors in Hyper-LDL-Cholesterolemia: A GWAS and In Silico Study on Cardiovascular Disease Risk
by Meiling Liu, Junyu Zhou and Sunmin Park
Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1411; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091411 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 211
Abstract
Background: Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia is a key contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and both genetic predisposition and lifestyle influence it. This study aimed to develop personalized strategies for managing hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia by integrating polygenic risk scores (PRSs), genetic variants, and bioactive compound interactions, leveraging a precision [...] Read more.
Background: Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia is a key contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and both genetic predisposition and lifestyle influence it. This study aimed to develop personalized strategies for managing hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia by integrating polygenic risk scores (PRSs), genetic variants, and bioactive compound interactions, leveraging a precision medicine approach. Methods: A cohort of 58,701 Korean adults, including 8966 individuals with hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia (LDL ≥ 160 mg/dL) or undergoing treatment with hypocholesterolemic agents, was analyzed to investigate the interplay between genetic risk and lifestyle factors. The PRS was constructed using three key variants: PCSK9 (rs151193009), CELSR2 (rs11102967), and APOE (rs7412). Gene–lifestyle interactions were assessed, focusing on energy intake and physical activity. Computational molecular docking was utilized to investigate how bioactive compounds differentially interact with the wild-type and mutant forms of PCSK9 (Arg93Cys) and APOE (Arg176Cys), focusing on variations in binding affinity. Results: Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia was associated with a 1.3-fold increased risk of CVD. The PRS showed a significant association with a 3.45-fold higher likelihood of developing both elevated LDL cholesterol and reduced HDL cholesterol levels. Lifestyle interactions revealed that high energy intake and physical inactivity significantly amplified the genetic risk (p < 0.05). In silico analysis demonstrated that bioactive compounds, notably prodelphinidin trimer, exhibited enhanced binding affinity with wild-type PCSK9 (Arg93Cys), while several compounds preferentially targeted the mutated PCSK9, suggesting potential avenues for genotype-specific therapies. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the combined influence of genetic predispositions and lifestyle behaviors on developing hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, and highlights potential bioactive compounds as personalized therapeutic targets. By integrating genomic data, lifestyle analysis, and molecular docking, this research provides a foundation for precision interventions tailored to an individual’s genetic and metabolic profile, paving the way for more effective and personalized management of dyslipidemia and associated CVD risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Nutrigenomics and Personalized Nutrition on Non-infectious Disease)
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25 pages, 1908 KiB  
Article
Dark Chocolate Mitigates Premenstrual Performance Impairments and Muscle Soreness in Female CrossFit® Athletes: Evidence from a Menstrual-Phase-Specific Trial
by Kousar Safari, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Maryam Koushkie Jahromi and Babak Imanian
Nutrients 2025, 17(8), 1374; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17081374 - 18 Apr 2025
Viewed by 385
Abstract
Background: Hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle can significantly impair physical performance, neuromuscular function, and cognitive processing in female athletes, particularly during the premenstrual phase. Emerging evidence suggests that dark chocolate (DC), rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, magnesium, and theobromine, may exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic, [...] Read more.
Background: Hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle can significantly impair physical performance, neuromuscular function, and cognitive processing in female athletes, particularly during the premenstrual phase. Emerging evidence suggests that dark chocolate (DC), rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, magnesium, and theobromine, may exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects. This study investigated the acute effects of 85% DC supplementation on cognitive and physical performance, as well as delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), in female CrossFit® athletes across four distinct hormonal phases. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, fifteen trained eumenorrheic female CrossFit® athletes completed three intervention conditions: dark chocolate (DC), placebo (PLA), and control (CON). Participants were evaluated during four distinct menstrual phases—menstrual, follicular, luteal, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS)—over three consecutive menstrual cycles. In each phase, participants consumed 30 g/day of either DC or PLA for three days, followed by performance testing on day four. Functional and cognitive performance were assessed via the CINDY WOD, handgrip strength (HGS), and Stroop tests (reaction time and correct answer percentage, CAP). DOMS was measured using a 100 mm visual analog scale at baseline and at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. Results: DC supplementation significantly improved functional performance (CINDY WOD) across all menstrual phases, with the greatest enhancement during PMS (p < 0.01). Reaction time significantly improved during PMS (p = 0.010 vs. control; p = 0.002 vs. placebo). Additionally, DOMS was notably reduced in the luteal phase at 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h post-exercise in the DC condition compared to the control and placebo (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in HGS across conditions or phases (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Short-term DC supplementation may selectively enhance high-intensity functional performance and cognitive accuracy in trained female athletes, particularly during hormonally sensitive phases such as PMS. Its anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory properties make DC a promising, non-pharmacological strategy to support female-centric recovery and performance in CrossFit® and similar sports. Future research should explore chronic intake, mechanistic biomarkers, and individual variability across menstrual cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Nutrigenomics and Personalized Nutrition on Non-infectious Disease)
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16 pages, 3876 KiB  
Article
Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphisms Predict Adherence to Weight Loss Programs Independently of Obesity-Related Genes
by Mana Yatsuda, Miyako Furou, Keiko Kamachi, Kaori Sakamoto, Kumiko Shoji, Osamu Ishihara and Yasuo Kagawa
Nutrients 2025, 17(6), 1094; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17061094 - 20 Mar 2025
Viewed by 350
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Adherence to treatment instructions is essential in managing chronic diseases related to obesity. One gene associated with adherence is the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) gene, which has long (L) and short (S) alleles, resulting in LL, SL, and SS genotypes. Risk alleles for [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Adherence to treatment instructions is essential in managing chronic diseases related to obesity. One gene associated with adherence is the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) gene, which has long (L) and short (S) alleles, resulting in LL, SL, and SS genotypes. Risk alleles for obesity include the R variant of the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3AR) and the G variant of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). This study aimed to evaluate whether the S/L variant of 5-HTTLPR, the R variant of β3AR, and the G variant of UCP1 are associated with adherence to a weight loss program. To assess the factors influencing adherence, eating behavior was evaluated using the Eating Behavior Questionnaire (EBQ). Methods: This study included 56 well-educated and middle-class women with a mean age of 57.3 ± 10 years and a mean BMI of 27.2 ± 5.6 kg/m2. Long-read sequencing was used to analyze S/L mutations. Participants followed a six-month diet and exercise regimen for obesity management. Outcomes were assessed using clinical data and EBQ scores. Adherence was objectively measured by the reduction in body fat percentage. Results: Participants were classified as SS (69.6%), SL (17.9%), or LL (12.5%). The R variant of β3AR was present in 34% of participants, with the G variant of UCP1 in 75%. After the intervention, SS participants showed significantly greater reductions in weight and body fat percentage than LL participants (p < 0.05). Among EBQ items, significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed in SS participants for eating as a diversion, feeling of fullness, bad eating habits, unsteady eating patterns, and total EBQ score. In SL participants, only bad eating habits improved, whereas no significant changes were observed in LL participants. Obesity risk alleles did not significantly affect clinical outcomes, though there may be small number bias. Conclusions: SS genotype participants demonstrated higher adherence to the weight loss program, leading to improved clinical outcomes and EBQ scores, independent of obesity risk genes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Nutrigenomics and Personalized Nutrition on Non-infectious Disease)
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13 pages, 823 KiB  
Article
Gene–Diet Interactions in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Related Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Insights from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
by Jong-Hee Lee, Kyung-Won Hong, Byoung-Jin Park, Ja-Eun Choi and Dong-Hyuk Jung
Nutrients 2025, 17(5), 778; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050778 - 24 Feb 2025
Viewed by 650
Abstract
Background: Understanding gene–diet interactions is crucial for establishing dietary guidelines for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study analyzed the interaction between dietary intake and six genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and their impact [...] Read more.
Background: Understanding gene–diet interactions is crucial for establishing dietary guidelines for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study analyzed the interaction between dietary intake and six genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and their impact on CVD risk. Methods: A total of 68,806 participants in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) were analyzed. Six target SNPs (LPL: rs17482753; ABCA1: rs1883025; APOA5: rs651821; LIPC: rs1077835; CETP: rs17231506; and LIPG: rs9953437) were extracted from genome-wide SNP genotype data. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. SNP genotyping was conducted using the Korea Biobank Array (Korean Chip), a specialized genotyping platform designed for GWAS of blood biochemical traits in the Korean population. SNP–diet interactions on CVD risk were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLM). Results: Among the six SNPs, ABCA1: rs1883025 and APOA5: rs651821 showed significant gene–diet interactions. For rs1883025 (ABCA1), carriers of the T allele exhibited reduced HDL cholesterol levels. However, in the high-protein intake group, individuals with the T/T genotype had a significantly lower risk of ischemic stroke compared to those in the low-protein intake group (interaction p-value = 0.044). For rs651821 (APOA5), carriers of the T allele also had lower HDL cholesterol levels, but individuals with the C/C genotype (wild-type homozygotes) in the low-fat intake group showed a significantly reduced risk of coronary artery disease (interaction p-value = 0.0155). Conclusions: This study suggests potential interactions between polymorphisms associated with low HDL cholesterol and dietary patterns, particularly high-protein and low-fat diets, in relation to CVD risk. These findings highlight the importance of personalized dietary recommendations based on genetic profiles to reduce CVD risk. They provide a basis for future research aimed at developing precision nutrition guidelines and targeted interventions to manage hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and nutrition-related CVD risks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Nutrigenomics and Personalized Nutrition on Non-infectious Disease)
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24 pages, 5236 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Effects of Fructose and Food Preservatives on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): From Gut Microbiome Alterations to Hepatic Gene Expression
by Tomas Hrncir, Eva Trckova and Lucia Hrncirova
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3722; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213722 - 30 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1752
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing global health problem closely linked to dietary habits, particularly high fructose consumption. This study investigates the combined effects of fructose and common food preservatives (sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, and potassium sorbate) on [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing global health problem closely linked to dietary habits, particularly high fructose consumption. This study investigates the combined effects of fructose and common food preservatives (sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, and potassium sorbate) on the development and progression of MASLD. Methods: We utilized a human microbiota-associated mouse model, administering 10% fructose with or without preservatives for 11 weeks. Liver histology, hepatic gene expression (microarray analysis), biochemical markers, cytokine profiles, intestinal permeability, and gut microbiome composition (16S rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing) were evaluated. Results: Fructose and potassium sorbate synergistically induced liver pathology characterized by increased steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. These histological changes were associated with elevated liver function markers and altered lipid profiles. The treatments also induced significant changes in both the bacterial and fungal communities and disrupted intestinal barrier function, leading to increased pro-inflammatory responses in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Liver gene expression analysis revealed a wide range of transcriptional changes induced by fructose and modulated by the preservative. Key genes involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses were affected. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the complex interactions between dietary components, gut microbiota, and host metabolism in the development of MASLD. The study identifies potential risks associated with the combined consumption of fructose and preservatives, particularly potassium sorbate. Our data reveal new mechanisms that are involved in the development of MASLD and open up a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of MASLD through dietary interventions and the modulation of the microbiome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Nutrigenomics and Personalized Nutrition on Non-infectious Disease)
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