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Nutrients
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Impact of Diet Behavior and Nutrition Intake on Atherosclerosis
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Impact of Diet Behavior and Nutrition Intake on Atherosclerosis

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2024) | Viewed by 4084

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dominique Monlezun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Interests: nutrition; cardiology; public health; population heatlh; artificial intelligence; equity; ethics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atherosclerosis, or cholesterol plaque occlusions and narrowing of blood vessels, has long been understood to be the underlying pathological process for multiple diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), the top global killer. Similarly, the well-known link between atherosclerosis and diet has been understood through decades of research—showing the morbidity and mortality benefit of a lower nutritional intake of salt, red meat, and processed meat along with higher intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains—to the point that such results have been codified into official recommendations by medical associations, governments, and international institutions including the World Health Organization. However, there is growing evidence for how CVD, other chronic comorbidities, and poor diet disproportionately impact lower-income communities and countries while undermining the sustainability and efficiency of local and national healthcare systems. This Special Issue invites programmatic and methodological advances in the “Impact of Diet Behavior and Nutrition Intake on Atherosclerosis” to address these gaps.

Dr. Dominique Monlezun
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diet
  • nutrition
  • atherosclerosis
  • supplements
  • cardiovascular disease
  • coronary heart disease

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 284 KiB  
Article
Urinary Phosphate and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The AWHS Study
by Carolina Torrijo-Belanche, Belén Moreno-Franco, Martín Laclaustra, Sofía Gimeno-Ruiz, Naiara Calvo-Galiano, Jimena Rey-García and Pilar Guallar-Castillón
Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2780; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162780 - 20 Aug 2024
Viewed by 993
Abstract
(1) Background: Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of vascular death worldwide. High urinary phosphate has recently been identified as a cardiovascular risk factor, but its role has not been fully established. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between urinary [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of vascular death worldwide. High urinary phosphate has recently been identified as a cardiovascular risk factor, but its role has not been fully established. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between urinary phosphate and subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid, femoral as well as coronary territories; (2) Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a sample of 1169 middle-aged men, aged 50.9 years (SD 3.7), without previous cardiovascular disease, belonging to the Aragon Workers Health Study (AWHS). Urinary phosphate was analyzed in urine samples using the Fiske-Subbarow method. The presence of carotid plaque and femoral plaque was assessed by ultrasound and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) by computed tomography. Demographic, anthropometric and clinical data were collected at annual medical examinations. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the prevalence of adjusted atherosclerosis in the different vascular arteries; (3) Results: A significant inverse association was observed between urinary phosphate and subclinical atherosclerosis in the carotid [OR 95% CI 0.69 (0.49–0.99)] and coronary (CACS > 200) [OR 95% CI 0.46 (0.23–0.88)] arteries; however, no statistically significant association was found between urinary phosphate and the presence of atheroma plaques in the femoral territory [OR 1.02 (0.72–1.45)]; (4) Conclusions: In middle-aged men, a higher urinary phosphate concentration is associated with a lower prevalence of subclinical carotid and coronary atherosclerosis compared with those with a lower urinary phosphate concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Diet Behavior and Nutrition Intake on Atherosclerosis)

Review

Jump to: Research

10 pages, 232 KiB  
Review
Artificial Intelligence and Health Inequities in Dietary Interventions on Atherosclerosis: A Narrative Review
by Dominique J. Monlezun and Keir MacKay
Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2601; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162601 - 7 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2715
Abstract
Poor diet is the top modifiable mortality risk factor globally, accounting for 11 million deaths annually with half being from diet-linked atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Yet, most of the world cannot afford a healthy diet—as the hidden costs of the inadequate global food [...] Read more.
Poor diet is the top modifiable mortality risk factor globally, accounting for 11 million deaths annually with half being from diet-linked atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Yet, most of the world cannot afford a healthy diet—as the hidden costs of the inadequate global food system total over USD 13 trillion annually—let alone the much more clinically, financially, and ecologically costly and resource-intensive medical interventions required to address the disease progression and acute complications of ASCVD. Yet, AI is increasingly understood as a force multiplying revolutionary technology which may catalyze multi-sector efforts in medicine and public health to better address these significant health challenges. This novel narrative review seeks to provide the first known overview of the state-of-the-art in clinical interventions and public health policies in healthy diets for ASCVD, accelerated by health equity-focused AI. It is written from the first-hand practitioner perspective to provide greater relevance and applicability for health professionals and data scientists. The review summarizes the emerging trends and leading use cases in population health risk stratification and precision public health, AI democratizing clinical diagnosis, digital twins in precision nutrition, and AI-enabled culinary medicine as medical education and treatment. This review may, therefore, help inform and advance the evidence-based foundation for more clinically effective, financially efficient, and societally equitable dietary and nutrition interventions for ASCVD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Diet Behavior and Nutrition Intake on Atherosclerosis)
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