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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2022) | Viewed by 12505

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Madusha Peiris

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Guest Editor

Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
Interests: obesity; appetite; microbiota; enteric nervous system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The regulation of food intake is becoming an increasingly important global issue due to the significant and continual rise in obesity. As experts who research the field, we are all acutely aware of the limited treatments, with limited efficacy, available for reducing appetite and food intake in order to reduce weight. The influence of dietary nutrients along with the products of bacterial fermentation as key factors in stimulating and regulating peripheral neural targets suggests a significant link between the enteric nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the hypothalamic centres of appetite regulation. The neurohormonal and cellular mechanisms arising in the gut in response to the luminal environment, leading to communication with intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal innervation, are fundamental pathways in appetite and eating behaviours. Indeed, the influence of diet and microbial fermentation products on food choices are clearly evident, following, for example, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and alterations to the gut microbiome.

As an expert in the field, it is with great pleasure that I invite you to provide a scientific paper for this Special Issue of Nutrients, titled "Appetite, Eating Behaviour and Obesity". Since you have an outstanding track record of research, clinical expertise, and publications in this field, we would much appreciate your contribution to this journal. Our goal is to provide the best and most updated information to all researchers and health care providers, to allow them to understand and incorporate the latest research and opinions on the pathways regulating appetite and food choices into their treatment of obesity. We also hope that this Special Issue will inspire others in this field to continue research and publications on this topic. Please join me as part of this Special Issue of Nutrients in order to make this an exciting and timely publication on this important topic.

Dr. Madusha Peiris
Guest Editor

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Keywords

appetite
metabolism
food intake
obesity
enteric nervous system
vagal
dietary nutrients
short-chain fatty acids
autonomic nervous system
hypothalamus

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

32 pages, 2190 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Eating Behavior in Residents at the Age of 18~60: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

by Dongli Mei, Yuqian Deng, Qiyu Li, Zhi Lin, Huiwen Jiang, Jingbo Zhang, Waikit Ming, Hao Zhang, Xinying Sun, Guanyun Yan and Yibo Wu

Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2585; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132585 - 22 Jun 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4092

Abstract

As eating behavior is important to health, this cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the eating behavior related to overweight and obesity of Chinese residents aged 18~60 based on the Ecological Model of Health Behavior. The short-form of the Eating Behavior Scale (EBS-SF) was applied to evaluate eating behavior. The multivariable linear stepwise regression analysis was used to identify and analyze the influence factors, and the receiver operating characteristic curves analysis to validate the predictive capability of the EBS-SF score in differentiating overweight and obesity. A total of 8623 participants were enrolled. In the personal characteristics, male (β = −0.03), older [36–45 years (β = −0.06) or 46–60 years (β = −0.07)], higher scores of Agreeableness (β = −0.04), Conscientiousness (β = −0.14) or Openness (β = −0.03) contributed to healthy eating behavior. In the individual behaviors, those who smoked (β = 0.04), drank alcohol (β = 0.05), exercised frequently (β = 0.07), had higher PHQ-9 scores (β = 0.29) may have improper eating habits. As for the interpersonal networks, the residents who were married (β = −0.04) behaved well when eating, while those who had offspring or siblings tended to have unhealthy eating behavior. At the community level, living in Western China (β = −0.03), having a monthly household income of 6001–9000 yuan per capita (β = −0.04), having no debt (β = −0.02), being retired (β = −0.03), or having lower PSSS scores (β = −0.03) led to lower EBS-SF scores. And the EBS-SF score demonstrated a moderate-high accuracy in predicting overweight and obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Appetite, Eating Behaviors and Obesity)

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12 pages, 738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and Eating Disorders in Young Korean Women: A Population-Based Study

by Youl-Ri Kim, Zhen An, Kyung-Hee Kim, Da-Mee Kim, Bo-In Hwang and Mirihae Kim

Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061315 - 21 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4430

Abstract

Both underweight (UW) and overweight (OW) conditions are problematic in young women. The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with extreme weight status and eating disorders (EDs) in young Korean women. A total of 808 women (mean age 22.3 ± 3.4 years) participated, including 144 with UW [Body Mass Index (BMI) < 18.5kg/m²], 364 with NW, and 137 with OW or obesity (BMI ≥ 25kg/m²), and 63 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 100 with bulimia nervosa (BN). Participants completed questionnaires regarding nutrients consumed, eating behaviors, health behaviors, body image, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms with face to face interviews. The associations between the status of participants and the data were analyzed with NW group as a reference. OW status was associated with overeating and with frequent eating. UW status was associated with less frequent overeating and with longer sleep duration. AN status was associated with less frequent consumption of alcohol. BN status was associated with a larger discrepancy between the ideal and current body shape. Both OW status and BN were associated with more obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The results suggested that certain dietary, health, and psychological factors are associated with extreme weight conditions and EDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Appetite, Eating Behaviors and Obesity)

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11 pages, 1115 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Endogenous Androgens Diminish Food Intake and Activation of Orexin A Neurons in Response to Reduced Glucose Availability in Male Rats

by Akira Takamata, Yuri Nishimura, Ayano Oka, Mayuna Nagata, Natsumi Kosugi, Sayaka Eguchi, Hiroko Negishi and Keiko Morimoto

Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1235; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061235 - 15 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2969

Abstract

Sex steroids modify feeding behavior and body weight regulation, and androgen reportedly augments food intake and body weight gain. To elucidate the role of endogenous androgens in the feeding regulation induced by reduced glucose availability, we examined the effect of gonadectomy (orchiectomy) on food intake and orexin A neuron’s activity in the lateral hypothalamic/perifornical area (LH/PFA) in response to reduced glucose availability (glucoprivation) induced by 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) administration in male rats. Rats (7W) were bilaterally orchiectomized (ORX group) or sham operated (Sham group). Seventeen days after the surgery, food intake response to 2DG (400 mg/kg, i.v.) was measured for 4 h after the infusion. The same experiment was performed for the immunohistochemical examination of c-Fos-expressing orexin A neurons in the LH/PFA and c-Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (Arc). Food intake induced by glucoprivation was greater in the ORX group than the Sham group, and the glucoprivation-induced food intake was inversely correlated with plasma testosterone concentration. Glucoprivation stimulated c-Fos expression of the orexin A neurons at the LH/PFA and c-Fos expression in the dorsomedial Arc. The number and percentage of c-Fos-expressing orexin A neurons in the LH/PFA and c-Fos expression in the dorsomedial Arc were significantly higher in the ORX group than the Sham group. This indicates that endogenous androgen, possibly testosterone, diminishes the food intake induced by reduced glucose availability, possibly via the attenuated activity of orexin A neuron in the LH/PFA and neurons in the dorsomedial Arc. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Appetite, Eating Behaviors and Obesity)

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