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Nanomaterials
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Gold Nanoparticles as Host Nanosystems
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Gold Nanoparticles as Host Nanosystems

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 8486

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paolo Pengo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Interests: gold nanoparticles; supramolecular chemistry; molecular recognition; design of nanoparticles monolayer

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Host nanosystems based on gold nanoparticles enjoy a sustained development because of the synthetic flexibility allowed by the self-assembled nature of the organic shell coating the nanoparticles. Indeed, gold nanoparticles can be engineered into versatile hosting systems acting as exo-receptors by proper selection of the functional groups and/or recognition units displayed at the outer monolayer surface. Gold nanoparticles can also act as endo-receptors in which the synergistic combination of hydrophobic and other non-covalent interactions provides the driving force for small molecule recognition by the monolayer inner regions. In addition, host nanosystems based on gold nanoparticles, with sizes that compare to those of many naturally evolved objects such as protein, protein complexes, nucleic acid–protein complexes or cellular substructures, have prompted researchers to push the target guests beyond the limit of small molecules to include biopolymers, lipid aggregates, and functionalized surfaces. The rich diversity of guests that can be targeted by these host nanosystems has allowed their applications as drug and gene delivery vectors, platforms for chemical and biological sensing, building blocks in supramolecular chemistry, and probes to interrogate the complexity of recognition events at the nanoscale, to mention a few examples. 

This Special Issue aims at covering all aspects of the synthesis, development, and implementation of gold-nanoparticle-based host nanosystems for a span of guests including small molecules, polymers, and biopolymers. Studies aimed at understanding how the host–guest chemistry of gold nanoparticles is controlled by the properties of their coating shell are also welcomed.  

Contributions to the issue include full papers, communications, and reviews.

 

Dr. Paolo Pengo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Gold nanoparticles
  • Gold nanoparticle receptors
  • Gold nanoparticles hosts
  • Host-guest chemistry
  • Drug delivery
  • Sensing
  • Nanoparticles monolayer

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5799 KiB  
Article
Structural and Optical Sensing Properties of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma-Synthesized Polyethylene Glycol-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles
by Linh Nhat Nguyen, Pradeep Lamichhane, Eun Ha Choi and Geon Joon Lee
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(7), 1678; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11071678 - 25 Jun 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2884
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au@PEG NPs) were prepared by a simple plasma-assisted method without additional reducing chemicals. After irradiating tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in aqueous medium with an argon plasma jet, the gold precursor transformed into an Au@PEG [...] Read more.
Polyethylene glycol-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au@PEG NPs) were prepared by a simple plasma-assisted method without additional reducing chemicals. After irradiating tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in aqueous medium with an argon plasma jet, the gold precursor transformed into an Au@PEG NP colloid that exhibited surface plasma resonance at 530 nm. When the plasma jet entered the water, additional reactive species were induced through interactions between plasma-generated reactive species and aqueous media. Interaction of the gold precursor with the plasma-activated medium allowed the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) without reductants. The plasma-synthesized Au@PEG NPs had a quasi-spherical shape with an average particle diameter of 32.5 nm. The addition of PEG not only helped to stabilize the AuNPs but also increased the number of AuNPs. Au@PEG NP-loaded paper (AuNP-paper) was able to detect the degradation of rhodamine B, therefore, indicating that AuNP-paper can act as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering platform. Dye degradation by plasma treatment was investigated by optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy. The method proposed for the fabrication of Au@PEG NPs is rapid, low-cost, and environment-friendly and will facilitate the application of plasma-synthesized nanomaterials in sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gold Nanoparticles as Host Nanosystems)
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23 pages, 4828 KiB  
Article
Effect of Fluorescent Labels on DNA Affinity for Gold Nanoparticles
by Anna V. Epanchintseva, Ekaterina A. Gorbunova, Elena I. Ryabchikova, Inna A. Pyshnaya and Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(5), 1178; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051178 - 29 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2219
Abstract
Fluorophore (FD) labeling is widely used for detection and quantification of various compounds bound to nanocarriers. The systems, composed of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and oligonucleotides (ONs) labeled with FDs, have wide applications. Our work was aimed at a systemic study of how FD [...] Read more.
Fluorophore (FD) labeling is widely used for detection and quantification of various compounds bound to nanocarriers. The systems, composed of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and oligonucleotides (ONs) labeled with FDs, have wide applications. Our work was aimed at a systemic study of how FD structure (in composition of ON-FDs) influenced the efficiency of their non-covalent associates’ formation with GNPs (ON-FD/GNPs). We examined ONs of different length and nucleotide composition, and corresponding ON-FDs (FDs from a series of xanthene, polymethine dyes; dyes based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Methods: fluorometry, dynamic light scattering, high performance liquid chromatography, gel electrophoresis, molecular modeling and methods of thermodynamic and statistical analysis. We observed significant, differing several times, changes in surface density and Langmuir constant values of ON-FDs vs. ONs, evidence for the critical significance of FD nature for binding of ON-FDs with GNPs. Surface density of ON-FD/GNPs; hydrophobicity and total charge of ON or ON-FD; and charge and surface area of FDs were revealed as key factors determining affinity (Langmuir constant) of ON or ON-FDs for GNPs. These factors compose a specific set, which makes possible the highly reliable prediction of efficiency of ONs and ON-FDs binding with GNPs. The principal possibility of creating an algorithm for predictive calculation of efficiency of ONs and GNPs interaction was demonstrated. We proposed a hypothetical model that described the mechanism of contact interaction between negatively charged nano-objects, such as citrate-stabilized GNPs, and ONs or ON-FDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gold Nanoparticles as Host Nanosystems)
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20 pages, 8885 KiB  
Article
Nanoporous Gold Monolith for High Loading of Unmodified Doxorubicin and Sustained Co-Release of Doxorubicin-Rapamycin
by Jay K. Bhattarai, Dharmendra Neupane, Bishal Nepal, Alexei V. Demchenko and Keith J. Stine
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(1), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010208 - 15 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2804
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely explored for delivering doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, to minimize cardiotoxicity. However, their efficiency is marred by a necessity to chemically modify DOX, NPs, or both and low deposition of the administered NPs on tumors. Therefore, alternative strategies [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely explored for delivering doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, to minimize cardiotoxicity. However, their efficiency is marred by a necessity to chemically modify DOX, NPs, or both and low deposition of the administered NPs on tumors. Therefore, alternative strategies should be developed to improve therapeutic efficacy and decrease toxicity. Here we report the possibility of employing a monolithic nanoporous gold (np-Au) rod as an implant for delivering DOX. The np-Au has very high DOX encapsulation efficiency (>98%) with maximum loading of 93.4 mg cm−3 without any chemical modification required of DOX or np-Au. We provide a plausible mechanism for the high loading of DOX in np-Au. The DOX sustained release for 26 days from np-Au in different pH conditions at 37 °C, which was monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Additionally, we encased the DOX-loaded np-Au with rapamycin (RAPA)-trapped poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) to fabricate an np-Au@PLGA/RAPA implant and optimized the combinatorial release of DOX and RAPA. Further exploiting the effect of the protein corona around np-Au and np-Au@PLGA/RAPA showed zero-order release kinetics of DOX. This work proves that the np-Au-based implant has the potential to be used as a DOX carrier of potential use in cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gold Nanoparticles as Host Nanosystems)
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