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Nanomaterials
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Nanotechnology Applied in Modern Photodynamic Therapy
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Nanotechnology Applied in Modern Photodynamic Therapy

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 3996

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Virginia Martínez Martínez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Leioa, Spain
Interests: photophysics; fluorescence microscopy; time-resolved spectroscopy; fluorescent dye; photosensitizers; nanosystems; photoactive hybrid materials; photodynamic therapy
Dr. Ruth Prieto-Montero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-EHU, Leioa, Spain
Interests: photophysics; photodynamic therapy; theragnostic agents; functionalized nanoparticles; fluorescent dyes; photosensitizer; singlet oxygen

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a minimally invasive procedure and a complementary treatment that is able to destroy nearby cells, viruses, or bacteria. Some of the limitations of PDT with regard to its biomedical use are related to its poor aqueous solubility, its lack of selectivity for the areas of interest and the cytotoxicity of the photosensitizers. In this context, one strategy is the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as carriers for photosensitizers. Nowadays, there is a great variety of nanoparticles that have a high potential to be applied in biomedicine, such as metallic (gold, iron, or quantum dots) and non-metallic NP (micelles, liposomes, micelles, polymeric, carbon or silica-based) nanosystems.

The use of these NPs as transports enhances the applicability of the PDT, allowing the functionalization of the nanoplatform with other molecules of interest, such as biotargets or hydrophilic molecules. Furthermore, different therapies (chemodrug, photothermal) or detection strategies (fluorescence bioimaging) could be implemented in the nanosystems together with PDT, in order to obtain promising hybrid nanoparticles that can be utilized against different diseases and infections.

This Special Issue welcomes research about the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of any type of functionalized PS–NPs for use in photodynamic therapy against cancer or in microbial treatment.

Dr. Virginia Martínez Martínez
Dr. Ruth Prieto-Montero
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanoparticle
  • drug delivery
  • photosensitizer
  • targeting
  • functionalization
  • photodynamic therapy
  • theranostic
  • cancer
  • microbial

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 1050 KiB  
Article
Exploring Gluconamide-Modified Silica Nanoparticles of Different Sizes as Effective Carriers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
by Ruth Prieto-Montero, Lucia Herrera, Maite Tejón, Andrea Albaya, Jose Luis Chiara, Mónica L. Fanarraga and Virginia Martínez-Martínez
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(24), 1982; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14241982 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1165
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a consequence of the ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to develop resistance against conventional antibiotics, hampering the treatment of common infections, is recognized as one of the most imperative health threats of this century. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a consequence of the ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to develop resistance against conventional antibiotics, hampering the treatment of common infections, is recognized as one of the most imperative health threats of this century. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising alternative strategy, utilizing photosensitizers activated by light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill pathogens without inducing resistance. In this work, we synthesized silica nanoparticles (NPs) of different sizes (20 nm, 80 nm, and 250 nm) functionalized with the photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB) and a gluconamide ligand, which targets Gram-negative bacteria, to assess their potential in aPDT. Comprehensive characterization, including dynamic light scattering (DLS) and photophysical analysis, confirmed the stability and effective singlet oxygen production of the functionalized nanoparticles. Although the surface loading density of Rose Bengal was constant at the nanoparticle external surface, RB loading (in mg/g nanoparticle) was size-dependent, decreasing with increasing nanoparticle diameter. Further, the spherical geometry of nanoparticles favored smaller nanoparticles for antibacterial PDT, as this maximizes the surface contact area with the bacteria wall, with the smallest (20 nm) and intermediate (80 nm) particles being more promising. Bacterial assays in E. coli revealed minimal dark toxicity and significant light-activated phototoxicity for the RB-loaded nanoparticles. The addition of gluconamide notably enhanced phototoxic activity, particularly in the smallest nanoparticles (RB-G-20@SiNP), which demonstrated the highest phototoxicity-to-cytotoxicity ratio. These findings indicate that small, gluconamide-functionalized silica nanoparticles are highly effective for targeted aPDT, offering a robust strategy to combat AMR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnology Applied in Modern Photodynamic Therapy)
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12 pages, 2644 KiB  
Article
Hydrophilic Biocompatible Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles as Nanocarriers for Biosourced Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
by Isabelle Sasaki, Frédérique Brégier, Guillaume Chemin, Jonathan Daniel, Justine Couvez, Rayan Chkair, Michel Vaultier, Vincent Sol and Mireille Blanchard-Desce
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(2), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14020216 - 19 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2268
Abstract
Most photosensitizers of interest for photodynamic therapy—especially porphyrinoids and chlorins—are hydrophobic. To circumvent this difficulty, the use of nanocarriers is an attractive strategy. In this perspective, we have developed highly water-soluble and biocompatible fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONPs) made from citric acid and diethyltriamine [...] Read more.
Most photosensitizers of interest for photodynamic therapy—especially porphyrinoids and chlorins—are hydrophobic. To circumvent this difficulty, the use of nanocarriers is an attractive strategy. In this perspective, we have developed highly water-soluble and biocompatible fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONPs) made from citric acid and diethyltriamine which are then activated by ethlynene diamine as nanoplatforms for efficient photosensitizers (PSs). Purpurin 18 (Pp18) was selected as a biosourced chlorin photosensitizer combining the efficient single oxygen generation ability and suitable absorption in the biological spectral window. The simple reaction of activated FONPs with Pp18, which contains a reactive anhydride ring, yielded nanoparticles containing both Pp18 and Cp6 derivatives. These functionalized nanoparticles combine solubility in water, high singlet oxygen generation quantum yield in aqueous media (0.72) and absorption both in the near UV region (FONPS) and in the visible region (Soret band approximately 420 nm as well as Q bands at 500 nm, 560 nm, 660 nm and 710 nm). The functionalized nanoparticles retain the blue fluorescence of FONPs when excited in the near UV region but also show deep-red or NIR fluorescence when excited in the visible absorption bands of the PSs (typically at 520 nm, 660 nm or 710 nm). Moreover, these nanoparticles behave as efficient photosensitizers inducing colorectal cancer cell (HCT116 and HT-29 cell lines) death upon illumination at 650 nm. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values down to, respectively, 0.04 and 0.13 nmol/mL were observed showing the potential of FONPs[Cp6] for the PDT treatment of cancer. In conclusion, we have shown that these novel biocompatible nanoparticles, which can be elaborated from biosourced components, both show deep-red emission upon excitation in the red region and are able to produce singlet oxygen with high efficiency in aqueous environments. Moreover, they show high PDT efficiency on colorectal cancer cells upon excitation in the deep red region. As such, these functional organic nanoparticles hold promise both for PDT treatment and theranostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnology Applied in Modern Photodynamic Therapy)
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