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Recent Studies on the Origin of Magmatic and Hydrothermal Sulfide...
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Recent Studies on the Origin of Magmatic and Hydrothermal Sulfide Economic Mineral Deposits

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 7241

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Joyashish Thakurta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5241, USA
Interests: magmatic sulfide deposits; isotope geochemistry
Prof. Dr. Ben-Xun Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
Interests: petrogenesis and mineralization of mafic-ultramafic rocks

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will encompass new studies on the origin and methods of exploration of magmatic and hydrothermal economic mineral deposits. The conventionally accepted models of the formation of such mineral deposits will be supplanted by new information generated by modern methods of data acquisition, such as non-traditional stable isotopes, spectroscopic studies, melt-inclusion studies, and modern experiments on sulfur-solubility in magmas. There will be three sections in this special volume:

Section 1: Origin of magmatic deposits: sources of sulfur in magma; constraints on the solubility of sulfur in different magma types; mechanisms of sulfide saturation; spectroscopic studies of magmatic sulfide minerals; non-traditional stable isotope studies on sulfide minerals in magmatic sulfide deposits; modes of structural and lithological emplacements of magmatic deposits.

Section 2: Origin of hydrothermal deposits: sources of sulfur and metals in the mineralizing hydrothermal fluids; factors causing concentration and precipitation of economic sulfide minerals; tectonic, structural, and lithological settings of various kinds of hydrothermal mineral deposits; formation of metallic complexes in mineralizing fluids; metallic enrichments of pre-existing mineral deposits by subsequent hydrothermal processes.

Section 3: modern methods of mineral exploration: remote sensing; geophysical methods; geochemical methods; project evaluation.

Special section: origin and occurrences of critical mineral deposits.

Prof. Dr. Joyashish Thakurta
Prof. Dr. Ben-Xun Su
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • magmatic
  • hydrothermal
  • mineral
  • sulfide
  • exploration
  • critical

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 7587 KiB  
Article
Fluid-Induced Inhomogeneous Cr-spinel in Dunite and Wehrlite from the Duke Island Complex, Southeastern Alaska
by Yang Luo, Ben-Xun Su, Joyashish Thakurta, Yan Xiao and Yang Bai
Minerals 2022, 12(6), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12060717 - 3 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2462
Abstract
Cr-spinel [(Mg, Fe2+)(Cr, Al, Fe3+)2O4)] is a common mineral in the ultramafic core of the Duke Island complex in southeastern Alaska, US. Cr-spinel grains with an unmixed texture have been observed in dunite and wehrlite [...] Read more.
Cr-spinel [(Mg, Fe2+)(Cr, Al, Fe3+)2O4)] is a common mineral in the ultramafic core of the Duke Island complex in southeastern Alaska, US. Cr-spinel grains with an unmixed texture have been observed in dunite and wehrlite of the complex. Inhomogeneous Cr-spinel with a ratio of Cr/(Al + Cr + Fe3+) <0.37 is prominent in dunite. The inhomogeneous Cr-spinel consists of two completely different compositions: Al-rich Cr-spinel, and Fe3+-rich Cr-spinel with a wide range of Cr content (from 11.8 wt.% to 28.6 wt.% Cr2O3). The unmixed texture is complex, and three subtypes of inhomogeneous Cr-spinel are recognized: TypeB1 Cr-spinel showing complete separation, crystallographically oriented type B2 Cr-spinel, and irregular Al-rich Cr-spinel rimmed type B3 Cr-spinel. The unmixed texture was achieved by an unmixing process at around 600 °C due to the miscibility gap of spinel between Al-rich and Fe3+-rich phases. The unmixed patterns of inhomogeneous Cr-spinel are controlled by the initial chemical composition, grain size of the initial spinel, and the cooling process. We propose that the initial composition of inhomogeneous Cr-spinel was formed by the interaction of high-temperature fluid and olivine; Cr-spinel that experienced unmixing may be a useful proxy to unveil the activity of high-temperature fluid in the formation of Alaskan-type complexes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Studies on the Origin of Magmatic and Hydrothermal Sulfide Economic Mineral Deposits)
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55 pages, 130379 KiB  
Article
The Kultuma Au–Cu–Fe-Skarn Deposit (Eastern Transbaikalia): Magmatism, Zircon Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Age, Formation Conditions and Isotope Geochemical Data
by Yury O. Redin, Anna A. Redina, Viktor P. Mokrushnikov, Alexandra V. Malyutina and Vladislav F. Dultsev
Minerals 2022, 12(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12010012 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4207
Abstract
The Kultuma deposit is among the largest and most representative Au–Cu–Fe–skarn deposits situated in Eastern Transbaikalia. However, its genetic classification is still a controversial issue. The deposit is confined to the similarly named massif of the Shakhtama complex, which is composed mainly of [...] Read more.
The Kultuma deposit is among the largest and most representative Au–Cu–Fe–skarn deposits situated in Eastern Transbaikalia. However, its genetic classification is still a controversial issue. The deposit is confined to the similarly named massif of the Shakhtama complex, which is composed mainly of quartz monzodiorite-porphyry and second-phase monzodiorite-porphyry. The magmatic rocks are characterized by a low Fe2O3/FeO ratio, low magnetic susceptibility and belong to meta-aluminous, magnesian high-potassic calc-alkalic reduced granitoids of type I. The results of 40Ar-39Ar and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating showed that the formation of magmatic rocks proceeded during the Late Jurassic time: 161.5–156.8 Ma. Relatively low Ce/Ce*, Eu/Eu* and Dy/Yb ratios in the zircons indicate that the studied magmatic rocks were formed under relatively reduced conditions and initially contained a rather low amount of magmatic water. A mineralogical–geochemical investigation allowed us to outline five main stages (prograde skarn, retrograde skarn, potassic alteration, propylitic (hydrosilicate) alteration and late low-temperature alteration) of mineral formation, each of them being characterized by a definite paragenetic mineral association. The major iron, gold and copper ores were formed at the stage of retrograde skarn and potassic alteration, while the formation of polymetallic ores proceeded at the stage of propylitic alteration. The obtained timing of the formation of retrograde skarn (156.3 Ma) and magmatic rocks of the Shakhtama complex, along with the direct geological observations, suggest their spatial–temporal and genetic relationship. The data obtained on the age of magmatic rocks and ore mineralization are interpreted as indicating the formation of the Kultuma deposit that proceeded at the final stages of collision. Results of the investigation of the isotope composition of S in sulfide minerals point to their substantial enrichment with the heavy sulfur isotope (δ34S from 6.6 to 16‰). The only exclusion with anomalous low δ34S values (from 1.4 to 3.7‰) is pyrrhotite from retrograde skarns of the Ochunogda region. These differences are, first of all, due to the composition of the host rocks. Results of the studies of C and O isotope composition allow us to conclude that one of the main sources of carbon was the host rocks of the Bystrinskaya formation, while the changes in the isotope composition of oxygen are mainly connected with decarbonization processes and the interactions of magmatic fluids, host rocks and meteoric waters. The fluids that are responsible for the formation of the mineral associations of retrograde skarns and the zones of potassic alteration at the Kultuma deposit were reduced, moderately hot (~360–440 °C) and high-pressure (estimated pressure is up to 2.4 kbar). The distinguishing features of the fluids in the zones of potassic alteration at the Ochunogda region are a lower concentration and lower estimated pressure values (~1.7 kbar). The propylitic alteration took place with the participation of reduced lower-temperature (~280–320 °C) and lower-pressure (1–1.2 kbar) fluids saturated with carbon dioxide, which were later on diluted with meteoric waters to become more water-rich and low-temperature (~245–260 °C). The studies showed that the main factors that affected the distribution and specificity of mineralization are magmatic, lithological and structural–tectonic ones. Results of the studies allow us to classify the Kultuma deposit as a Au–Cu–Fe–skarn deposit related to reduced intrusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Studies on the Origin of Magmatic and Hydrothermal Sulfide Economic Mineral Deposits)
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