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Minerals
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Flotation Reagents, Volume II
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Flotation Reagents, Volume II

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (14 January 2022) | Viewed by 10139

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Saeed Chehreh Chelgani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
Interests: mineral processing; flotation; surface chemistry; rare earth processing; coal preparation; graphite processing; leaching; modeling; neural network; random forest
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Reza Dehghan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran
Interests: mineral processing; flotation; modelling and simulation; comminution; bioleaching; geometallurgy; data mining; rare earth processing

Special Issue Information

“Without reagents, there would be no flotation, and without flotation, the mining industry, as we know it today, would not exist.” Handbook of Flotation Reagents by Srdjan M. Bulatovic

Dear Colleagues,

By increasing the complexity of ores, growing demand for mineral products, rising regulatory oversight, and the need to improve mineral separation processes, significant investigations for developing novel chemicals that can be used for mining applications are critical to have successful advancements in mineral beneficiation systems. Mineral separation by froth flotation involves types of chemical reagents. Reagents (surfactants) are mainly used for the surface modification of minerals and/or improve operating conditions for increasing the flotation separation efficiency. Reagents that can also impact the pulp chemistry make flotation a complex system involving all additives' interaction (including collectors, depressants, activators, pH regulators, and frothers). The flotation reagents may remain on the products (slurry, tail, and concentrate) and lead to different environmental problems or impact downstream processes such as pelletizing and bioleaching. Therefore, fundamental knowledge of chemical reagents, the principles of their reactions, the development of their new types, their applications for different ores, adsorption mechanisms, and surface chemistry studies in the presence of various reagents are typical and essential investigations in mineral processing.

Dr. Saeed Chehreh Chelgani
Dr. Reza Dehghan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flotation
  • surface chemistry
  • molecular chemistry
  • adsorption
  • bioreagent
  • green chemicals
  • hydrophobicity
  • surfactant
  • depressant
  • frother
  • sustainability
  • synergistic effects

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2401 KiB  
Article
The Separation of Carbonaceous Matter from Refractory Gold Ore Using Multi-Stage Flotation: A Case Study
by Sugyeong Lee, Charlotte E. Gibson and Ahmad Ghahreman
Minerals 2021, 11(12), 1430; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11121430 - 17 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2690
Abstract
As a pre-treatment method of refractory gold ore, carbonaceous matter (C-matter) flotation was investigated with multi-stage flotation by rougher, scavenger, and cleaner stages. Different dosages of kerosene and MIBC (4-Methyl-2-pentanol) were applied and the optimum dosage was selected by testing in each flotation [...] Read more.
As a pre-treatment method of refractory gold ore, carbonaceous matter (C-matter) flotation was investigated with multi-stage flotation by rougher, scavenger, and cleaner stages. Different dosages of kerosene and MIBC (4-Methyl-2-pentanol) were applied and the optimum dosage was selected by testing in each flotation stage. With the combination of each stage, four circuit designs were suggested, which were a single-stage rougher flotation (R), rougher-scavenger flotation (R+S), rougher-scavenger-scavenger cleaner flotation (R+S+SC), and rougher-rougher cleaner-scavenger-scavenger cleaner flotations (R+S+RC+SC). The results indicated that the scavenger flotation increased C-matter recovery but reduced C-matter grade compared with single-stage rougher flotation. Cleaning of the scavenger flotation concentrate improved C-matter grade significantly, but reduced recovery slightly. Cleaning of the rougher flotation concentrate achieved overall improved selectivity in flotation. A combination of rougher-scavenger flotation followed by cleaning of both concentrates (R+S+RC+SC) resulted in 73% C-matter recovery and a combined cleaner concentrate grade of 4%; the final tailings C-matter grade was 0.9%, where the C-matter remaining in the tailings was locked, and fine grained. The results demonstrate the need for the multi-stage flotation of C-matter from refractory gold ore to achieve selective separation and suggested the potential of C-matter flotation as the pre-treatment for efficient gold production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flotation Reagents, Volume II)
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14 pages, 45492 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Flotation Performance of Oxidized Coal by the Mixture of Laurylamine Dipropylene Diamine and Kerosene
by Qingshan Zhang, Chenkai Niu, Xiangning Bu, Muhammad Bilal, Chao Ni and Yaoli Peng
Minerals 2021, 11(11), 1271; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111271 - 16 Nov 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 1898
Abstract
Conventional hydrocarbon oil cannot adhere effectively to oxidized coal, resulting in a low yield of clean coal. In this study, a high-speed homogenizer was used to emulsify LDD (laurylamine dipropylene diamine) and kerosene, which enhanced the flotation efficiency of oxidized coal. The flotation [...] Read more.
Conventional hydrocarbon oil cannot adhere effectively to oxidized coal, resulting in a low yield of clean coal. In this study, a high-speed homogenizer was used to emulsify LDD (laurylamine dipropylene diamine) and kerosene, which enhanced the flotation efficiency of oxidized coal. The flotation results showed an increase from 4.12% (only kerosene) to 23.33% (emulsified oil). An increase in contact angle indicated that the mixture reagent can increase the hydrophobicity of coal particles, which is attributed to the adsorption of LDD onto the coal particle surface and the decrease of the oil droplet A lower surface tension of LDD allows it to produce a stable layer of froth than the layer generated by kerosene alone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flotation Reagents, Volume II)
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14 pages, 3296 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Flotation Separation of Cassiterite from Calcite Using Metal-Inorganic Complex Depressant
by Guanfei Zhao and Dongmei Zhu
Minerals 2021, 11(8), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11080880 - 14 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1846
Abstract
At present, the research on flotation separation of cassiterite and gangue minerals is mainly focused on the development of new collectors or depressants, while the research on combined depressants is rare. In this study, the flotation separation of cassiterite and the typical gangue [...] Read more.
At present, the research on flotation separation of cassiterite and gangue minerals is mainly focused on the development of new collectors or depressants, while the research on combined depressants is rare. In this study, the flotation separation of cassiterite and the typical gangue mineral, calcite, was investigated using the metal-inorganic complex depressant AlSS, composed of aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and water glass (Na2SiO3·4H2O). The flotation results indicated that, with the assistance of Al3+, the inhibition effect of SS (water glass) on calcite is significantly enhanced, while the inhibition effect on cassiterite is almost unchanged. The zeta potential and adsorption measurements proved that the formation of the negatively charged colloidal particles composed of Alm(OH)n3m−n and SiOm(OH)n4−2m−n tended to adsorb on the positively charged calcite surface, inhibiting the adsorption of sodium oleate (NaOL), while the adsorption of the colloidal particles on the negatively charged cassiterite surface is relatively less. The contact angle measurements indicate that the contact angle of cassiterite in the NaOL + AlSS solution is obviously larger than that of calcite, which indicates that cassiterite has better floatability in this system. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirms the Al and Si species are adsorbed on the surface of calcite, but not on the cassiterite. In addition, the adsorption of AlSS on cassiterite and calcite changes the chemical environment on the calcite surface, indicating that the adsorption of AlSS on the mineral surface is more inclined to be through a chemical reaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flotation Reagents, Volume II)
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12 pages, 1814 KiB  
Article
Study on Phase Transfer Catalyst Used in the Synthesis of Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate
by Zhijun Ma, Liang Cheng, Xingyuan Weng, Ye Gao and Jiuxing Huang
Minerals 2021, 11(8), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11080850 - 06 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2049
Abstract
Xanthates are by far the most widely used collectors in the froth flotation beneficiation of sulfide ores. However, the xanthate production process suffers from low yield, low productivity, long reaction time and environmental pollution. To address these issues, an effective method was developed [...] Read more.
Xanthates are by far the most widely used collectors in the froth flotation beneficiation of sulfide ores. However, the xanthate production process suffers from low yield, low productivity, long reaction time and environmental pollution. To address these issues, an effective method was developed for the synthesis of xanthates using phase transfer catalyst. Sodium isobutyl xanthate was synthesized from isobutyl alcohol ((CH3)2CHCH2OH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and carbon disulfide (CS2) with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) as solvent and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) as phase transfer catalyst. The compound was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrum, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The influencing factors on the content and yield of sodium isobutyl xanthate including phase transfer catalyst type, phase transfer catalyst dosage and reaction time were studied by single-factor experiments. The influencing factors on the product purity and yield including reaction temperature, solvent volume, material ratio and rotating speed were studied by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that when the amount of TBAC was 3.0%malcohol, the reaction temperature was 35 °C, the solvent volume was 3.5 Valcohol, the rotating speed was 180 rpm, the reaction time was 4 h and the material ratio was n[(CH3)2CHCH2OH]:n(NaOH):n(CS2) = 1:1:1.10, the product yield could be up to 86.66% and the product purity reached 82.56%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flotation Reagents, Volume II)
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