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Minerals
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Crustal Evolution and Its Temporal Correlations with Mineral Deposits
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Crustal Evolution and Its Temporal Correlations with Mineral Deposits

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (16 September 2022) | Viewed by 9722

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mauro C. Geraldes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Geologia Regional e Geotectônica (DGRG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Interests: geochronology; isotopes; geochemistry; geology; Amazonia; tectonics; sediments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ramiro Matos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Geological and Environmental Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), La Paz, Bolivia
Interests: petrology; geochemistry and geochronology of magmatic rocks; Precambrian

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, most mining geologists appear to be in general agreement on the principle that ore deposits are related to global tectonics by examining the distribution of mineral deposits in space and time. Overviews of magmatic, hydrothermal, and sedimentary ore-forming features provide context and relevance to the process-oriented descriptions of ore genesis.

This Special Issue aims to cover the entire range of mineral deposit types, including igneous, hydrothermal, sedimentary, and supergene ores. In this way, the diversity of ore systems with a focus on ore formation at all scales and depths may also include (i) P-T conditions in which they occurred based on extensive field and microscope observations at multiple scales; (ii) the use of modern tools and techniques applied to understanding of ore processes at all scales; and (iii) crustal to district-scale processes.

The aim of mining is to create wealth through the provision of necessary raw materials to meet demands for goods and services of all types. Unfortunately, companies have increasingly exploited the economies of scale in order to reduce costs, but at the expense of reduced flexibility of response to changing market conditions.

This Special Issue aims to contribute to the disclosure of all world-famous ore deposit characteristics to provide an updated guide of the processes involved in the formation of mineral deposits and their distribution in space and time.

Dr. Mauro C. Geraldes
Dr. Ramiro Matos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • global tectonics and metallogeny
  • ore deposit distribution in space and time
  • mineral resources
  • ore-forming processes
  • igneous ore-forming processes
  • hydrothermal ore-forming processes
  • magmas and metallogeny
  • magmatic–hydrothermal ore-forming processes
  • sedimentary ore-forming processes
  • structural controls on ore deposits
  • strategic and critical metals and minerals
  • new mine developments
  • the environment and exploration
  • the meaning of ore textures
  • geological modeling and mineral resource estimation
  • the genesis of ore deposits hosting minerals
  • new advances in the exploration for ore deposits

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2442 KiB  
Article
Results of 147Sm–143Nd (ID-TIMS) and U–Pb (SHRIMP-II) Dating of Rocks and Minerals of the Chromite-Bearing Kluchevskoy Ophiolite Massif (the Eastern Segment of the Urals) and Their Geological Interpretation
by Vladimir N. Smirnov, Kirill S. Ivanov, Yuriy L. Ronkin and Yuriy V. Erokhin
Minerals 2022, 12(11), 1369; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12111369 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1557
Abstract
The Urals is one of the reference mobile belts of the mafic type characterized by a wide development of ophiolites which are associated with numerous deposits of chromites of significant industrial importance. In this regard, the estimation of the age of the rocks [...] Read more.
The Urals is one of the reference mobile belts of the mafic type characterized by a wide development of ophiolites which are associated with numerous deposits of chromites of significant industrial importance. In this regard, the estimation of the age of the rocks of the ophiolite association will be useful for analyzing the regularities of the formation of chromite deposits. This work presented the results of age dating of the rocks of the chromite-bearing Kluchevskoy mafic–ultramafic massif, one of the most representative of all the ophiolite-type massifs in the Urals, by two isotopic methods. The U–Pb (SHRIMP-II, VSEGEI) dating of the zircon dominated assemblage from rocks of different composition of both crustal and mantle sections of the Kluchevskoy ophiolite massif yielded similar dates ranging from 456 to 441 Ma. The study of the composition of silicate inclusions in zircon grains of this assemblage showed that they are represented by typical metamorphic minerals: low-T amphibole, albite, and an epidote-group mineral. The P–T conditions of zircon crystallization established via the examination of the composition of minerals in these inclusions showed that the crystallization of the predominant fraction of zircons coincides in time with the lower epidote–amphibolite and upper green-schist facies metamorphism of rocks happening under the decompression conditions, i.e., during their exhumation from the deep crustal level (8–13 km). A small amount of zircons of late generation showed a wide spread in age (277.4–318.1 Ma). The time of their crystallization corresponds to the stage of metamorphism associated with the collision orogeny in the Ural mobile belt. The more ancient 147Sm–143Nd age of 514 Ma should be assumed as the formation time of the rocks (or its upper age boundary). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crustal Evolution and Its Temporal Correlations with Mineral Deposits)
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40 pages, 17209 KiB  
Article
Age and Origin of the Massangana Intrusive Suite and Associated Mineralizations, in the Rondônia Tin Province: Petrography, U-Pb, and Lu-Hf Isotopes Zircons
by Beatriz Pereira Debowski, Guilherme Loriato Potratz, Armando Dias Tavares Júnior, Maria Virgínia Alves Martins and Mauro Cesar Geraldes
Minerals 2022, 12(10), 1304; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12101304 - 16 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2743
Abstract
Rondônia intrusive suites represent the youngest A-type magmatism that occurred in the SW of the Amazon craton, with mineralizations in Sn, Nb, Ta, W, and topaz. Petrological and isotopic studies (U-Pb and Lu-Hf by LA-ICP-MS) allowed the Massangana granite to be subdivided into [...] Read more.
Rondônia intrusive suites represent the youngest A-type magmatism that occurred in the SW of the Amazon craton, with mineralizations in Sn, Nb, Ta, W, and topaz. Petrological and isotopic studies (U-Pb and Lu-Hf by LA-ICP-MS) allowed the Massangana granite to be subdivided into São Domingos facies (medium to fine biotite-granite), Bom Jardim facies (fine granite), Massangana facies (pyterlites and coarse granites) and Taboca facies (fine granites). The crystallization ages obtained were between 995.7 ± 9.5 Ma to 1026 ± 16 Ma, and the εHf values vary significantly between positive and negative, showing predominantly crustal sources for forming these rocks. Petrographic studies on ore samples indicate the action of co-magmatic hydrothermal fluids enriched in CO2, H2O, and F. These ores are characterized by endogreisens, exogreisens, pegmatites, and quartz veins that are explored in the São Domingos facies area. The endogreisens and exogreisens are formed by topaz-granites and zinnwaldite-granites; the pegmatites are formed by topaz-zinnwaldite-cassiterite-granites; and the veins by cassiterite-sulfides and quartz. The geometries of the mineralized bodies indicate a dome-shaped contact with the host rocks in the magma chamber and can be attributed to residual accumulation. In this sense, the origin of these ores is related to the evolution of intrusive granitic bodies where the terminal phases of the fluid-enriched magma are lodged in the apical portions, and the origin of the mineralized bodies present a biotite-granite, albite-granite, and endogreisens evolution (potassium series), or biotite-granite, alkali-granite and endogreisens (sodic series) and these rocks present TDM ages that indicate a concerning relation to the non-mineralized rocks of Massangana granite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crustal Evolution and Its Temporal Correlations with Mineral Deposits)
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35 pages, 15865 KiB  
Article
Titaniferous-Vanadiferous, Magnetite-Ilmenite Mineralization in a Mafic Suite within the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex, Bihar, India
by Ashmeer Mohammad, Anup K. Prasad, Kehe-u Wetsah, Mohammad Azad, Vivek Aryan and Hesham El-Askary
Minerals 2022, 12(7), 860; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070860 - 5 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4595
Abstract
Titanium or vanadium metals or their alloys are important industrial metals/alloys. Because these resources are in short supply, the investigation of potential titaniferous-vanadiferous deposits needs special attention to bridge the supply-demand gap. The study integrates geological, geochemical, remote sensing, and geophysical data for [...] Read more.
Titanium or vanadium metals or their alloys are important industrial metals/alloys. Because these resources are in short supply, the investigation of potential titaniferous-vanadiferous deposits needs special attention to bridge the supply-demand gap. The study integrates geological, geochemical, remote sensing, and geophysical data for assessing the potentiality of titaniferous-vanadiferous, magnetite-ilmenite mineralization in and around the Sudamakund and Paharpur areas, Gaya and Jehanabad districts, Bihar, India, and delineation of specific targets for detailed exploration. Field visits for large scale mapping on (1:12,500 scale) were used to conduct a reconnaissance survey for magnetite-ilmenite mineralization in parts of toposheet number 72G/04 in the Gaya and Jehanabad districts of Bihar, as well as the collection of bedrock samples (BRS), pit/trench samples (PTS), petrographic samples (PS), and petrochemical samples (PCS), followed by petrographic and ore microscopic study, and interpretation of chemical results. Signatures of oxidized iron-bearing sulphides (iron-oxides ratio) and other ferrous-iron-bearing minerals surrounded by altered rocks (clay bearing minerals) are visible in remote sensing images. The geological work was followed by ground geophysical gravity and magnetic surveys in selected blocks by the Geophysics Division, eastern region (ER) on a 1:12,500 scale. The magnetite ore is hard, compact, crystalline, and at some places, granular in nature. The analytical value of these magnetite ore bodies indicates average Fe content at 49.53% (range 25.85–60.78%), with a considerable amount of TiO2 (average 15.85%, range 1.47–26.77%), and V (average 144.79 ppm, range 30.00–256.00 ppm, from PTS). The trends of these magnetite ore deposits correspond to the major lineaments (NE-SW and NW-SE). The superimposition of gravity and magnetic contour maps with the geological map (1:12,500 scale) helps explain the observed geophysical anomalies, and the possible subsurface (horizontal and vertical) expansion of magnetite ore deposits in alluvium cover regions warrants further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crustal Evolution and Its Temporal Correlations with Mineral Deposits)
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