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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Rapid Diagnosis of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) in Healthcare Settings: Advancements...
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Rapid Diagnosis of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) in Healthcare Settings: Advancements and Challenges

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2025) | Viewed by 1065

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Annapaola Callegaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
Interests: bacteriology; virology; molecular diagnostics; cystic fibrosis microbiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Globally, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent problem for health, with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) being a major concern, especially in hospitals and long-term care facilities. People in these places are often more vulnerable and face greater risks. Thus, it is essential to quickly and accurately diagnose MDROs. A rapid diagnosis helps clinicians provide the right treatment and put strong infection control measures in place. Molecular technologies, such as PCR-based assays, have proven to be powerful tools for detecting MDROs at the genetic level, offering the advantage of faster identification compared to traditional microbiological methods, which can take several days.

This Special Issue of Microorganisms plans to collect recent research in relation to the advances and implementation of rapid diagnostic technologies in the field of AMR and MDRO detection. Original research articles and comprehensive reviews that cover the latest advancements in the rapid detection of MDROs, molecular surveillance, and epidemiology assessment by rapid diagnosis, as well as their implementation in sepsis diagnosis are welcomed.

Dr. Annapaola Callegaro
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
  • multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs)
  • infection prevention and control (IPC)
  • hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)
  • molecular epidemiology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 340 KB  
Article
Clinical Features of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteremia: A Comparative Study of Cancer and Non-Cancer Patients
by Destyn Dicharry, Deborah G. Smith, Muhammad H. Khan, Michelle Self, Cameron Parikh and Alexandre E. Malek
Microorganisms 2025, 13(9), 2110; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13092110 - 10 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 874
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteremia (MDR-GNB) is a significant health threat associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable to MDR-GNB due to immunosuppression and frequent healthcare exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors, 30-day mortality, [...] Read more.
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteremia (MDR-GNB) is a significant health threat associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable to MDR-GNB due to immunosuppression and frequent healthcare exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors, 30-day mortality, and outcomes in cancer and non-cancer patients. We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients aged 18 years or older with MDR-GNB who were hospitalized at Ochsner LSU Health—Academic Medical Center between January 2018 and July 2022. We collected data about demographics, comorbidities, cancer diagnosis, causative organisms, infection source, antibiotic therapy, and clinical outcomes. A total of 112 patients with MDR-GNB were included, where 31 patients (27.7%) had cancer and 81 patients (72.3%) did not. Cancer patients were more frequently male and white (74.2% vs. 58.0%, p = 0.114 and 45.2% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.031). Diabetes mellitus was more common in non-cancer patients, but it was associated with increased mortality risk in the cancer group (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.125–5.074). Enterobacteriaceae species were the most frequently isolated organisms (83.0%), with no significant difference between groups. The most common source of infection was genitourinary (49.1%). ICU admission was more frequent in non-cancer patients (49.4% vs. 25.8%, p = 0.024). However, cancer patients had a higher ICU admission mortality risk (OR 2.156, 95% CI: 1.058–4.395) and recent hospitalization rates (67.7% vs. 40.7%, p = 0.011), both associated with increased mortality risk. Cancer patients had a significantly higher 30-day mortality rate (39.0% vs. 16.4%, p = 0.017; OR = 3.012, 95% CI: 1.190–7.622) and hospice admissions (22.6% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.002; OR = 7.583, 95% CI: 1.819–31.618). These findings emphasize the urgent need for early microbiological identification, targeted antimicrobial therapy, and improved infection control strategies. Given the rising prevalence of MDR-GNB pathogens, future research is needed for prompt appropriate antibacterial therapy based on risk stratification and enhanced antimicrobial stewardship programs as these are critical for high-risk cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Diagnosis of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) in Healthcare Settings: Advancements and Challenges)
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