Oral Microbiomes and Host Health

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiomes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 1141

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
Interests: oral microbiome; oral diseases; antimicrobial resistance; biofilms; clinical microbiology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The oral microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining health and mediating disease beyond the oral cavity. This complex and dynamic microbial community influences local conditions such as dental caries, periodontitis, and oral mucosal disorders, while also contributing to systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory infections, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and multi-omics are revealing intricate host–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions, uncovering mechanisms of immune modulation, microbial dysbiosis, and inflammatory signaling. This Special Issue invites original research and reviews that explore the composition, function, and clinical implications of the oral microbiome in host diseases. Topics of interest include microbial biomarkers for early disease detection, the impact of oral dysbiosis on systemic health, host genetic and immune factors shaping the oral microbiota, and novel microbiome-targeted therapies. We welcome interdisciplinary contributions that bridge microbiology, immunology, clinical sciences, and bioinformatics to advance our understanding of the oral microbiome’s role in health and disease.

Dr. Lucinda J. Bessa
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • oral microbiome
  • oral diseases
  • systemic diseases
  • dysbiosis
  • host–microbe interactions
  • microbial biomarkers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

12 pages, 934 KB  
Review
Neutrophils at the Crossroads of Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis and Periodontal Disease
by João Viana, Tiago Ferro, Ricardo Pitschieller, Vanessa Machado, Naichuan Su, José João Mendes and João Botelho
Microorganisms 2025, 13(11), 2573; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13112573 - 11 Nov 2025
Viewed by 991
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocytes and essential components of innate immunity. Through mechanisms such as phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, they play a crucial role in host defense. However, dysregulated neutrophil responses are [...] Read more.
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocytes and essential components of innate immunity. Through mechanisms such as phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, they play a crucial role in host defense. However, dysregulated neutrophil responses are linked to chronic inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis. This review summarizes current evidence on neutrophil biology in periodontal health and disease, focusing on functional mechanisms, recruitment pathways, the influence of dysbiosis, and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Neutrophils display a dual role in periodontal tissues: while protecting against microbial invasion, their excessive or impaired activity contributes to tissue destruction. Altered chemotaxis, defective phagocytosis, and uncontrolled NET release perpetuate inflammation and alveolar bone loss. Neutrophil-derived enzymes, including myeloperoxidase, elastase, and matrix metalloproteinases, emerge as promising biomarkers for early diagnosis. In parallel, therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress, NET regulation, or neutrophil hyperactivity are being explored to preserve periodontal tissues. Neutrophils are central players in periodontal pathophysiology. Understanding their regulation and interaction with the oral microbiome may enable the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, ultimately improving periodontal disease management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Microbiomes and Host Health)
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