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Microorganisms
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Microbiome Interorgans Axis (MIA): A Future Option in Health and...
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Microbiome Interorgans Axis (MIA): A Future Option in Health and Diseases 2.0

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 9675

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lionel Breton

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Former Scientific Director L’Oreal Research, Cilia Consulting CEO, IDEC Therapeutic (Telostim.com) CSO, Paris, France
Interests: immunology; pharmacology; neurobiology; skin physiology; skin microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous Special Issue "Microbiome Interorgans Axis (MIA) A Future Option in Health and Diseases" in 2021. https://www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganisms/special_issues/MIA

There is increasing evidence suggesting that the gut and other organs do not act as isolated organs but are involved in a direct relationship. Emerging research has shown that the gut and probably skin microbiota may play a critical role at the interface of numerous organs. Therefore, it is not surprising that conditions affecting one organ’s microbiota may also manifest in the others.

More importantly, a better understanding of the intestinal microflora and its subsequent relationship with the brain, skin, or lungs may provide new insights into developing unique product candidates that will accurately treat a spectrum of diseases. As the microbiome continues to enter the scientific mainstream, these multiple complexity organs remain largely unexplored, although some examples have already been published on gut–brain connections in autism, Parkinson’s, and depressive illnesses. Recent publications have described a gut–brain–skin connection in some dermatoses as well as how the skin could be involved in some neurodegenerative disorders.

Dr. Lionel Breton
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiome
  • interorgan links
  • gut–brain
  • gut–lung
  • gut–skin
  • skin–brain
  • neurodegenerative links

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1820 KiB  
Article
Dose- and Sex-Dependent Bidirectional Relationship between Intravenous Fentanyl Self-Administration and Gut Microbiota
by Michelle Ren and Shahrdad Lotfipour
Microorganisms 2022, 10(6), 1127; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061127 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2168
Abstract
Gut bacteria influence neural circuits in addiction-related behaviors. Given the association between opioid use, gastrointestinal distress, and microbial dysbiosis in humans and mice, we test the hypothesis that interactions between gut bacteria and the brain mediate the rewarding and reinforcing properties of fentanyl. [...] Read more.
Gut bacteria influence neural circuits in addiction-related behaviors. Given the association between opioid use, gastrointestinal distress, and microbial dysbiosis in humans and mice, we test the hypothesis that interactions between gut bacteria and the brain mediate the rewarding and reinforcing properties of fentanyl. We implant rats with intravenous catheters in preparation for fentanyl intravenous self-administration (IVSA) on an escalating schedule of reinforcement to determine factors that influence fentanyl intake, including sex, dose, and gut microbiota. Our data show the impact of fentanyl IVSA on gut microbiota diversity, as well as the role of gut microbiota on fentanyl IVSA, in Sprague Dawley rats in a sex- and dose-dependent manner (n = 10–16/group). We found that the diversity of gut microbiota within females dose-dependently predicts progressive but not fixed ratio schedules of fentanyl IVSA. Depending on sex and fentanyl dose, alpha diversity (richness and evenness measured with Shannon index) is either increased or decreased following fentanyl IVSA and predicts progressive ratio breakpoint. Our findings collectively suggest a role of gut bacteria in drug-related behavior, including motivation and reinforcement. This work provides feasibility for an intravenous fentanyl self-administration model and uncovers potential factors mediating drug use, which may lead to the development of effective addiction interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome Interorgans Axis (MIA): A Future Option in Health and Diseases 2.0)
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18 pages, 2542 KiB  
Article
Resilience and the Gut Microbiome: Insights from Chronically Socially Stressed Wild-Type Mice
by Malena dos Santos Guilherme, Francesco Valeri, Jennifer Winter, Marianne B. Müller, Andreas Schwiertz and Kristina Endres
Microorganisms 2022, 10(6), 1077; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061077 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1999
Abstract
The microbiome is an important player within physiological homeostasis of the body but also in pathophysiological derailments. Chronic social stress is a challenge to the organism, which results in psychological illnesses such as depression in some individuals and can be counterbalanced by others, [...] Read more.
The microbiome is an important player within physiological homeostasis of the body but also in pathophysiological derailments. Chronic social stress is a challenge to the organism, which results in psychological illnesses such as depression in some individuals and can be counterbalanced by others, namely resilient individuals. In this study, we wanted to elucidate the potential contribution of the microbiome to promote resilience. Male mice were subjected to the classical chronic social defeat paradigm. Defeated or undefeated mice were either controls (receiving normal drinking water) or pre-treated with antibiotics or probiotics. Following social defeat, resilient behavior was assessed by means of the social interaction test. Neither depletion nor probiotic-shifted alteration of the microbiome influenced stress-associated behavioral outcomes. Nevertheless, clear changes in microbiota composition due to the defeat stress were observed such as elevated Bacteroides spp. This stress-induced increase in Bacteroides in male mice could be confirmed in a related social stress paradigm (instable social hierarchy) in females. This indicates that while manipulation of the microbiome via the antibiotics- and probiotics-treatment regime used here has no direct impact on modulating individual stress susceptibility in rodents, it clearly affects the microbiome in the second line and in a sex-independent manner regarding Bacteroides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome Interorgans Axis (MIA): A Future Option in Health and Diseases 2.0)
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14 pages, 1205 KiB  
Article
Bladder Microbiota Are Associated with Clinical Conditions That Extend beyond the Urinary Tract
by Jan Hrbacek, Vojtech Tlaskal, Pavel Cermak, Vitezslav Hanacek and Roman Zachoval
Microorganisms 2022, 10(5), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050874 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1598
Abstract
Background. Since the discovery of the human urinary microbiota (UM), alterations in microbial community composition have been associated with various genitourinary conditions. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine possible associations of UM with clinical conditions beyond the urinary tract and [...] Read more.
Background. Since the discovery of the human urinary microbiota (UM), alterations in microbial community composition have been associated with various genitourinary conditions. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine possible associations of UM with clinical conditions beyond the urinary tract and to test some of the conclusions from previous studies on UM. Methods. Catheterised urine samples from 87 men were collected prior to endoscopic urological interventions under anaesthesia. The composition of the bacterial community in urine was characterized using the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Samples from 58 patients yielded a sufficient amount of bacterial DNA for analysis. Alpha diversity measures (number of operational taxonomic units, ACE, iChao2, Shannon and Simpson indices) were compared with the Kruskal–Wallis test. Beta diversity (differences in microbial community composition) was assessed using non-metric dimensional scaling in combination with the Prevalence in Microbiome Analysis algorithm. Results. Differences in bacterial richness and diversity were observed for the following variables: age, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking status and single-dose preoperative antibiotics. Differences in microbial community composition were observed in the presence of chronic kidney disease, lower urinary tract symptoms and antibiotic prophylaxis. Conclusions. UM appears to be associated with certain clinical conditions, including those unrelated to the urinary tract. Further investigation is needed before conclusions can be drawn for diagnostics and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome Interorgans Axis (MIA): A Future Option in Health and Diseases 2.0)
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17 pages, 997 KiB  
Article
Genome Characterization and Probiotic Potential of Corynebacterium amycolatum Human Vaginal Isolates
by Irina V. Gladysheva, Sergey V. Cherkasov, Yuriy A. Khlopko and Andrey O. Plotnikov
Microorganisms 2022, 10(2), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020249 - 23 Jan 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3230
Abstract
The vaginal microbiome of healthy women contains nondiphtheria corynebacteria. The role and functions of nondiphtheria corynebacteria in the vaginal biotope are still under study. We sequenced and analysed the genomes of three vaginal C. amycolatum strains isolated from healthy women. Previous studies have [...] Read more.
The vaginal microbiome of healthy women contains nondiphtheria corynebacteria. The role and functions of nondiphtheria corynebacteria in the vaginal biotope are still under study. We sequenced and analysed the genomes of three vaginal C. amycolatum strains isolated from healthy women. Previous studies have shown that these strains produced metabolites that significantly increased the antagonistic activity of peroxide-producing lactic acid bacteria against pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and had strong antimicrobial activity against opportunistic pathogens. Analysis of the C. amycolatum genomes revealed the genes responsible for adaptation and survival in the vaginal environment, including acid and oxidative stress resistance genes. The genes responsible for the production of H2O2 and the synthesis of secondary metabolites, essential amino acids and vitamins were identified. A cluster of genes encoding the synthesis of bacteriocin was revealed in one of the annotated genomes. The obtained results allow us to consider the studied strains as potential probiotics that are capable of preventing the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and supporting colonisation resistance in the vaginal biotope. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiome Interorgans Axis (MIA): A Future Option in Health and Diseases 2.0)
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