The Evolution of Foodborne Pathogens in the 4.0 Era: A Food Safety Perspective

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 415

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor Assistant
1. Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (LABMMA), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Boa Esperança Avenue, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil
2. Tecnology Center (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Horacio Macedo Avenue, Rio de Janeiro 21941-999, Brazil
Interests: food safety; microbiology; Escherichia coli; STEC; heat shock genes; meat products

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (LabMMA), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Boa Esperança Avenue, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil
Interests: foodborne bacterial characterization using genomic approach
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Biochemistry Postgraduate Program (PPGBq), Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, nº 149, Bloco A—Mezanino Sala 526, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2. Centro de Tecnologia, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-999, Brazil
Interests: applied microbiology; drug resistance; bioinformatics; genomic
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Food Molecular Microbiology Laboratory (LABMMA), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Boa Esperança Avenue, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil
Interests: foodborne bacterial characterization using genomic approach
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on technological advances for monitoring, detecting, and controlling pathogenic microorganisms in the Food Safety 4.0 Era. The 4.0 Era, characterized by artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things (IoT), is revolutionizing and accelerating food safety systems, making them faster, more accurate, and more accessible.

Recent advances in this area focus on research using molecular microbiology, genetics, and in silico tools, such as bioinformatics, to identify and characterize evolving and persistent pathogens in the food chain. For example, tools such as genome sequencing, CRISPR, and other techniques are combined with computational tools that allow an extensive data set to be analyzed, making it possible to trace these pathogens. In this context, the development of studies focused on characterizing these populations gains relevance, especially in response to constant outbreaks of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi capable of overcoming emerging technological challenges. Furthermore, the genetic characterization of these populations is a global challenge due to the widespread antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in pathogenic bacteria. Hence, the technological advances that accompany Era 4.0 are crucial to elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pathogens as science and technology advance. Therefore, we invite researchers and experts in the field to contribute their work to this Special Issue, providing valuable information on the future of food safety and pathogen control in the 4.0 Era.

Dr. Maxsueli Machado
Guest Editor Assistant

Dr. Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo
Dr. Pedro Panzenhagen
Dr. Vinicius Silva Castro
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • food Safety
  • foodborne pathogens
  • whole-genome sequencing (WGS)
  • proteomics
  • CRISPR technology
  • infectious disease outbreaks
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • genomics
  • public health surveillance
  • pathogen evolution

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 2040 KB  
Article
Use of Thermal and Emerging Non-Thermal Treatments Reveal Biomolecular and Morphological Changes in Pathogenic E. coli
by Maxsueli Machado, Jelmir Craveiro Andrade, Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo and Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
Microorganisms 2026, 14(2), 491; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14020491 - 18 Feb 2026
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Abstract
(1) Background: We sought to explore the changes in the biomolecular profile and morphology of Pathogenic heat-resistant E. coli isolated from animal-based food. (2) Methods: Six strains underwent heat (60 °C for 6 min), ultrasound (US; 299 W), UVC (4950 mJ/cm2), [...] Read more.
(1) Background: We sought to explore the changes in the biomolecular profile and morphology of Pathogenic heat-resistant E. coli isolated from animal-based food. (2) Methods: Six strains underwent heat (60 °C for 6 min), ultrasound (US; 299 W), UVC (4950 mJ/cm2), and combined treatments (UVC+US and heat+UVC). Afterwards, biomolecular characterization across four spectral regions was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) for treated and non-treated strains (control group). These regions are fatty acids (3010–2800 cm−1), proteins and peptides (1700–1200 cm−1), carbohydrates (1200–900 cm−1), and amide A (3280–3120 cm−1). Additionally, treated and untreated strains were assessed for surface damage using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (3) Results: Among all the regions studied, the amide A and fatty acids regions exhibited the most significant variations in absorbance for treated strains compared to the control. Treatments such as US, heat, and UVC+US tended to increase Principal Components (PCs) and, consequently, absorbance. On the other hand, UVC and heat+UVC showed the opposite trend in these regions. SEM images showed filamentous cells for strains treated with UVC and UVC+US, indicating that cells continued to replicate under these conditions. These results highlight how thermal and non-thermal treatments influence specific biomolecular and morphological regions of E. coli. The methodologies used provide reliable data for understanding stress responses, which can guide the development of more effective technologies for eliminating multi-resistant pathogens. Full article
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