Oral Biofilms and Human Health

Dear Colleagues,

With the advent of multi-omics assays and analysis techniques, more detailed information is becoming more available regarding the composition and function of biofilms. Using oligonucleotide probes, the spatial organization and metabolic activity of biofilms during assembly can now be more closely studied to link their functional role in maintaining health as well as the causes of disease. These complex assemblies of microorganisms are embedded in an exopolymeric substance matrix rich in nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, liposaccharides, and electrolytes, allowing the biofilm to adhere to surfaces more efficiently and protect it from environmental insults. When these biofilms are not regularly removed via mechanical action or host cell turnover, it becomes very difficult for antibacterials to penetrate and disrupt, allowing biofilms to persist and elicit an inflammatory response in the oral cavity. While the mouth’s innate immune defense can protect the host against many pathogens, sustained inflammation leads to oral tissue damage and contributes to systemic issues. Chronic oral inflammation can negatively impact systemic health, pregnancy outcomes, cognitive health, and respiratory illnesses. This association was best exemplified during the course of the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with published reports showing worse outcomes in terms of deaths and hospitalizations for those people with severe gum disease. There is also increasing evidence that host genetics can also increase some individuals’ susceptibility to infections, making them more predisposed to periodontal disease. Therefore, it is critical to identify precise therapies to help people reduce their oral inflammatory burden and support a healthier mouth. Research needs to continue to use precision health approaches to address differences in the host response to bacteria and oral biofilms. In order to explore opportunities to better manage oral diseases and their impact on the host response, researchers and experts in oral biofilms and host–microbial interactions are invited to contribute to this Special Issue. Original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may also include how precision diagnostics and therapeutics can be applied to prevent and personalize the treatment of oral diseases.

Dr. LaTonya Kilpatrick-Liverman
Dr. Carlo Daep
Prof. Dr. Richard Darveau
Dr. Jeffrey S. McLean
Guest Editors

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